Media †Genre Conventions of a Horror Film Essay

Settings: The setting for a horror film is usually shot in isolated, abandoned locations for example at a haunted basement, attic or loft. This is because these settings create a sense of tension and an eerie atmosphere to the audience. The more dramatic and action packed scenes are usually shot in the night because people are more vulnerable at this time and is where more â€Å"scary† events are expected to happen, however footage can be taken anytime during the day. Examples of locations are: Graveyard, Churches, Hospitals, Basements, Attics and Lofts. Horror films are used to create a negative emotional reaction from viewers by playing on the audience’s primal fears. Themes: Horror films often feature scenes that startle the viewer. Themes like the supernatural, good vs evil and death are commonly used in this genre. Horror films often deal with the viewer’s nightmares, hidden fears, and terror of the unknown. Plots within the horror genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event, or person, commonly of supernatural origin, into the everyday world. The presence of characters like children are used because they come across as innocent to the viewer, when in the fact they hold a hidden agenda and so surprises the audience when they see the child possessed by an evil spirit. Other characters include ghosts, aliens, vampires, werewolves, curses, satanism, demons, gore, torture, vicious animals, monsters, zombies, cannibals, and serial killers. The hero (protagonist) is usually seen as the victim, the villain (antagonist) is usually of supernatural origin that scares the audience. Narrative structure and technicality: The narrative structure of horror films is commonly using Todorovs theory – Equilibrium, Disruption, Resolution and new equilibrium. This is used, so the beginning of the film explains who most of the characters are and gives the audience the chance to guess who the protagonist and antagonist are of the film before the action begins. Although the characters are usually faced with an obstacle that they have to overcome either alone or as a group. As the characters are in the process of resolving their problems it usually ends with a twist, and surprises the audience with the fact that the antagonist wasn’t who they anticipated it to be. The technical features of horror movies are high/low camera angles for effect and to show power of the characters, jump cuts to show quickening of time, diegetic sounds for realism, non-diegetic sounds for example monster sounds to scare the audience and low-key lighting to emphasize a shadow effect. The technique iconography is used in horror movies for example weapons (guns and knives) , blood to show a death or someone injured, religious symbols to emphasize religious backgrounds for instance satanic beliefs or Christianity, dark coloured clothing and costumes as well as dark and dominant make up for the antagonist character to emphasize a frightening image. Target audience of horror films: The horror film style has changed over time, but in 1996 Scream set off a â€Å"chain of copycats†, leading to a new variety of teenage, horror movies. This new approach to horror films began to gradually earn more and more income as seen in the progress of Scream movies. The importance that horror films have gained in the public and producers’ eyes is one obvious effect on our society. Horror films’ income expansion is only the first sign of the influences of horror flicks. The role of women and how women see themselves in the movie industry has been altered by the horror genre. In early times, horror films such as My Bloody Valentine (1981), Halloween (1978), and Friday the 13th (1980) pertained mostly to a male audience. Their main focus was to express the fear of women and show them as monsters; however, this ideal is no longer prevalent in horror films. Women have become not only the main audience and fans of horror films but also the main protagonists of contemporary horror films. The horror industry is producing more and more movies with the main protagonist being a female and having to evolve into a stronger person in order to overcome difficult obstacles. This main theme has drawn a larger audience of women movie-goers to the theaters in modern times than ever historically recorded. Movie makers also go as far as to integrate women relatable topics such as pregnancy, motherhood and babysitting jobs into their films in order to gain even more female oriented audiences

Marketing mix of a beer company Essay

Introduction It was in October 1992 when The Black Sheep Brewery beers first made an appearance in pubs in and around the Yorkshire Dales. The delivery of those first casks of beer over ten years ago began a new era for Paul Theakston, whose family has brewed in Masham for five generations. It also allowed him to put behind him the heartache left by the often acrimonious battles that culminated in the â€Å"old† family firm of T & R Theakston Ltd ending up as part of Scottish & Newcastle Breweries. The events that led to the loss of the Theakston brewery had rumbled on since the early 1970s, with Scottish & Newcastle finally seizing power in 1988. Although they offered him a position, Paul decided corporate life wasn’t for him. What’s more, it would have meant him leaving his beloved Masham. Determined to stay in Masham and being a long, long way from retirement (both age-wise and financially!! ) it didn’t take long for Paul to conclude that it was brewing that he was best at. The decision was made, create a â€Å"new† brewery in Masham. Now Black Sheep Brewery has invested ? 3 million in more production facilities and has boosted by 20 per cent. The company is on course for doubling by 2006 and a new distribution depot is being constructed for completion by the end of 2004. 1. 0 The Marketing Mix on The Black Sheep Brewery The marketing mix is looking at the right product, at the right price, what media to use and to use the right place. These are known as: Product Price Promotion Place Or the four P’s 1a Product Product is defined as a physical good, service, idea, person or place that is capable of offering tangible and intangible benefits that individuals or organisations regard as necessary or that they are prepared to exchange money or something of value for it. Peter, J. Paul, ‘Marketing management: knowledge and skills’ Boston; London: McGraw-Hill). If the product does not provide the services or covers the expected needs from the customer or does not deliver the expectations created by other elements of the marketing mix, then the whole project is not going to work. The name of Black Sheep Ale does not have a marketing reason, and named after thinking and having discussion for long time. A name was needed to reflect the area and history of the place. Sheep have always figured largely in the history of the area. Masham was once an important centre for sheep trading and famous for its sheep fair. However, Sheep Brewery seemed a bit tame. In a timely stroke of inspiration Sue, Paul’s wife, coined the name Black Sheep Brewery. Black Sheep has some different slogans, but has stuck mainly with the slogan of â€Å"Black Sheep Brewery is a modern day miracle†. This is saying to the target market that The Black Sheep Ale is the best, and that there is no bitter beer this good. Although, this has been on since 1992. Also there is a second slogan. The one is also their aim â€Å"a traditional country beer†, which could be linked with the first one, showing that The Black Sheep Ale truly is the one of the best bitter beer. The logo for Black Sheep goes with the name of black sheep and a traditional cottage house. The logo shows that they are focusing on a traditional country beer. Even the font on the bottle is Elizabethan type. It is written with old way, which shows that it is of class and is very traditional. Although the logos and slogans are giving off the appeal that the rich mainly drink Black Sheep Ale, the product (and most other ales, bitter) are mainly consumed by people in the lower classes. Black Sheep, in my opinion, is marketed to men, aged between 35 and about 65 in socio-economic groups not very high. I thought that it would be marketed in these groups because these are the most likely to go down to the pub and drink beers and bitter such as Black Sheep Ale. The packing of Black Sheep is really for marketing purpose. Because of this, there is something about the packing. Black Sheep is sold only in bottles and cash ale. It is not sold in cans. It shows that their quality and their marketing purpose about packing. The Black Sheep Brewery have been brewing since 1992 and now have five Ales on sale. I think that The Black Sheep Brewery has five different of product because of they want to keep always selling the product. In my opinion, they need to focus on younger people as well, with brewing a new beer to get young people attention. Like â€Å"Ice Beer â€Å"two companies named Tetley and Carlsberg formed a partnership in 1993 to make a new product for young people. It was â€Å"Ice Beer†. 1b Promotion Promotion is the direct way in which an organisation attempts to communicate with various target audience. Promotion consists of five main elements: Advertising, Personal selling, sales promotion, Public Relations and Direct Marketing. Sales Promotion As Black Sheep is sold in many different ways, they can have numerous different types of sales promotions. They can offer price reductions and Buy One Get One Free, such as at supermarkets, happy hours at pubs, and added value, e. g. extra free. They have also done charity promotions; see Public Relations, and competitions. They don’t actually do many sales promotions, but they sell lots of merchandising. With over 1,000 different items there is definitely something for everyone. They sell numerous items, such as caps, T-shirts, bottle openers. Most of the things that they do is to make more people buy their product over any other beer or ales. The merchandising is a bit different, because most people who choose to wear a caps with the logo of their favourite beer do not look cool, and end up looking stupid. (such as logo of black sheep). I think if they sell something like beer cooler to stock them in it. It will make the consumer feel as if they have the Black Sheep cooler and need to fill it with Black Sheep Ale, this makes them sell more Black Sheep Ale. It’s like they’ve caught them in a net, buy this, and so you can also buy all of these. Sponsorship The Black Sheep sponsors a number of different things. These mostly consist of local events. There are at the Black Sheep Brewery Visitor Centre and in around Masham area. The Black Sheep also sponsors of local drink and food festivals which shows that they are not trying to become popular around UK or the world. It is obvious that the things that The Black Sheep Brewery sponsors event, which are mainly viewed by local people and old people. This shows that The Black Sheep is clearly marketed to people who live in that area and old people. They should be sponsor of some events which known by everyone. As Budweiser does (they are sponsor of Manchester United, the BMW Williams F1 team. ). The events which are viewed, not only by people there, also by people watching at home. Advertising In the beer industry, the beer is bought by beer lovers which mean that advertisements in this case, should be targeted to the beer lovers and makes them understand the qualities of the beer. Normally this kind of product is advertised on TV or some times in undergrounds, sport events like football, rugby or car races. Short-term promotions could be placed in the package or even create brochures of discounts. 1c Place The Black Sheep is sold in different ways (bottle, cash ale). So it is difficult to say what type of distribution method is used. It can be sold in cans, multi-packs, kegs, bottles, from the tap at a pub, etc. The method that is sold by shops or supermarkets would be form the produce, to the shop/supermarket and then on to the retailer. It can also be sold via a wholesaler to a shop, which means that the price goes up 3 times. When sold in a pub, it could even be sent straight from the producer to the pub. The sale of the Black Sheep takes place in lots of different outlets, such as pubs, supermarkets, alcohol stores, off licences, and over the Internet. This means that it can cost a lot to supply it in all the ways that they do. But it also means that they may sell more, because some people are only able to buy it in one way, and if people can’t buy Black Sheep in a way that they would like to, the Black Sheep Brewery won’t make as much money as they could have. So they should try to be found even in a corner shop by customers. 1d Price As I have mentioned before, Black Sheep is sold in a number of ways, so for the Price part of this study, I will look only at the price of their best seller amount sold, which is the Black Sheep Ale 4. 4% of 500 ml. For a bottle of 500 ml, Black Sheep uses completive pricing, which involves giving a price similar to the competitors, psychological pricing, which is pricing to the nearest whole number e. g. ?1. 29. I think that they can also use promotional pricing, which is like free amounts such as 25% extra free or Buy One Get One Free. I think that these types of prices are used so that Black Sheep is bought more than the competitors. Even if the price of Black Sheep is only a few pence cheaper, people tend to buy it rather than another brand, and vice versa, this is because they are always after a bargain, and companies always have to make their prices cheaper than their other competitors to win the competition. Task2 2. 0 Logistic Facilities on Black Sheep Brewery. The Black Sheep Brewery Company should realise that they will need to improve their logistic facilities. Because of the company is on course for doubling production by 2006. In my opinion, they should describe that what mode of transport is appropriate for them and whether is the best for firms to operate their own warehouse and fleet of delivery vehicles or to sub contract all aspect of distribution to a specialist firm. Paul Theakston says that they will probably be working more with wholesalers and the pub companies who continue to buy up the independent pubs in the future. Brewers maintained a high level of control over the market by controlling distribution and routes to market. This was particularly true of draught beer, where brewers maintained a high-cost infrastructure operated on a dedicated basis to maintain control over the supply of The Black Sheep’s own beers from brewery to pub. This operated against the public interest. Brewers marginally-coasted such activities when pricing this service to direct customers, and recovered the costs in margin on beer sales. This excluded wholesalers and independent distributors from supplying beer to such outlets. Inefficiency and extra cost was built into the market with pubs receiving multiple deliveries from brewers with beer and from wholesale suppliers with wines, spirits and other products. Control of distribution provided brewers with the leverage to negotiate solus supply with direct customers restricting market access for other draught beer suppliers and limiting choice for the consumer. Place is trying to get the right level of distribution in the right types of outlets. This is one of the most difficult, yet important marketing activities. In simple terms physical distribution involves getting a product from A to B. Logistics has a very important role to play in the process of distribution. This is because they start off the process and plan it from beginning to end. If they don’t do their job probably then they could end up with no beers in the shops and pubs, which loses sales and therefore profit. Logistics monitor demand for goods and co-ordinate the process from ordering raw materials through to the timely delivery to the warehouse. Physical distribution must balance the need for customer service against the need to minimise costs. It is necessary to plan a physical distribution system carefully taking into account the need for warehouse space, stock, staff etc in order to maximise efficiency. On the other hand it is necessary to keep down costs and get the correct balance between these inputs and outputs and therefore provide an efficient but profitable service. The Black Sheep Brewery. This is the distribution channel that I would advise The Black Sheep Brewery to use: This is the distribution channel that The Black Sheep Brewery already uses, so I think they should also use it for the new products for the future. I think this because it is already set up and working well for their other products and is already in a good area, with experienced staff and known by their existing suppliers. They would need to incorporate this new product into their existing set-up, therefore keeping costs down as their will be no initial start up expense. Because it is already an up and running distribution channel the experienced staff should be able to get it up and running quickly, efficiently and cost effectively. If the Black Sheep Brewery becomes a big success then they might have to build an extension to their already existing warehouse, but if this is necessary it should finance itself. The only slight disadvantage to this type of distribution channel would be that the distribution centre is a middle stage and extra staff would be needed but I think that this is necessary in a large company. I would advise The Black Sheep Brewery to sell their products in a number of different retail outlets: Supermarkets Corner shops (news agencies) Petrol stations Hotels Stadium (e. g. Wembley) TASK 3 3. 0 International operation on Black Sheep Brewery There are over 200 countries around the globe; companies such as The Black Sheep Brewery should consider the key environmental factors before entering new country markets. These factors are known as the C and SLEPT factors, Social/ Cultural, Legal, Economic, Political, Technological, and Competitors. These are the uncontrollable factors that will affect the companies’ decisions, as well as the success of a company. 3a Social/ Cultural A single country may sometimes comprise several nations and independent cultures, and within each of these groups, there may be different religions, languages and attitudes. An example is Canada, where the main language is not just English, but as well as French. These factors affect the buying behaviour of a consumer. There are four categories in social/ cultural factor which marketers should consider before entering new country markets. Firstly, habits and conventions can influence the behaviour of a consumer. For an example, some individuals may not be interested in foreign goods/ products. Secondly, there is the attitudes which affected by religions/ culture. This is considered as an extrapolation of the past, which is a learned behaviour rather than innate behaviour. For an example, some people may only be interested in doing businesses within their own cultures/ groups. The next category is the naivety and ignorance of countries/ cultures. Languages are one of the main factors, some words may have different meanings in different languages, and some of their meanings may be incomprehensible or insulting. Lastly, demographic aspects within a country are to be aware of. The number of population and their growth trends, ethnicity and education level of a country can be used to determine one country’s lifestyle or buying behaviour. 3b Legal Since there is no actual body of law known as international law, there are various legal systems around the globe. Examples are common law and Islamic law. These legal systems concern the pricing of products, import/ export limitations, types of advertising and product safety. For an example, In United States, every state has its own laws. The Black Sheep Brewery should be aware of the laws where they are marketing. 3c Economic Paliwoda suggests that â€Å"Macro-environment is created when trade and transactions take place across, rather than within, national frontiers; but it is important to note that there may well be greater economic environmental differences between different parts of the same country than between countries belonging to the same geographical region. † in his book, â€Å"International Marketing†. This means a single country may have different economic level. For an example, in some rural part of China is suffering from poverty, whereas in some parts of China, such as Hong Kong is to be considered as one of the richest cities in East Asia. Other factors to be aware of are, currencies used, where some countries may have weak currencies due to inflation or recession, also the kind if payment, some countries such as Columbia may pay by coffee beans. Secondly, the general economy, which can be determine by the average income of the public. 3d Political Politics is a very important factor, it can either bring trading partners together or tear them apart. Government policies and attitudes towards imports are different around the globe. Some may set up trade barriers such as high tariffs, high import tax, in order to protect their own brands/ economy, or due to some tensions between countries. On the other hand, some may lower the import restrictions by setting up trade agreements between countries to minimise trade tariffs in bilateral trade exchanges, or to create job opportunities for their public. The Black Sheep Brewery should also be aware of the stability of the host country’s regimes, also the level of government control of company assets. 3e Technological This factor concerns the technological level of a country, such as the existing facilities and infrastructure; some countries may be more â€Å"high tech† than the others. Also the labour skills and training, some countries may have highly skilled labours, some may not. There may be a huge cost of new technology; also some government policies such as green issues may limit the use of some technologies. 3f Competitors Since The Black Sheep Brewery is not the only company around the globe that supply beer there are various alternatives for consumers to choose from. Competitors such as Budweiser and Stella may have taken at least 90% of the consumers in some countries. Marketers should consider whether it is worthwhile to enter such countries. In marketing audit, SWOT analysis suggests that companies should minimise their weaknesses/ threats, and turn them into companies’ strengths/ opportunities. When entering new country markets, there are weaknesses/ threats exist within and outside the company. These are the lacking of time, lacking of internal/ external knowledge and risks of competitors. By using methods of entry such as acquisition or merger can often minimise the weaknesses/ threats and turn them into possible strengths/ opportunities within and outside the company.

Sarcophagus Depicting a Battle between Soldiers and Amazons Essay

Sarcophagus Depicting a Battle between Soldiers and Amazons - Essay Example As described in one of the pages the official website of the Museum of Fine Arts entitled 100 Highlights of the MFAH, the military soldiers wear helmet, short tunics, and body army; and are equipped with swords and round shields. The Amazons, on the other hand, ride in horses with their companions lying dead on the ground. The outcome of the battle is depicted in the four corners of the sarcophagus—with the military soldiers waving the Amazon’s weapons like claimed trophies and the Amazons kneeling with their hands bound behind their backs. On the other hand, the lid of the sarcophagus is designed in the shape of a Roman temple, with fine rows of vertical tiles that end in the heads of the lion. Its edges are ornamented with round shields. It is important to note, therefore, that the artwork in the sarcophagus highlights the triumph of military soldiers against the Amazons. At this point, I wish to divide this paper into two parts. The first part will focus on the essen tial elements that constitute the artwork. Thus, I intend to investigate how the different artistic elements collaborate in creating a unified message of the painting. For the next part, I will use the assessments made in the first part to come up with a firmer analysis of the sarcophagus. In this light, I aim to explore the main theme of the artwork by appealing to both its superficial and its subliminal messaging. Assessment of Artistic Elements In examining the artistic elements of the sarcophagus, I have to first present the core idea of the artwork. It is apparent that the Romans wanted to underscore the triumph of the military soldiers in the battle. Since the sarcophagus was intended to serve as the final resting place for the Roman military commander, the artwork essentially immortalized the great vigor, courage, and aggressiveness not only of the Roman soldiers but more importantly of the Roman commander. By examining the sarcophagus part by part, I wish to reinforce my cla im on the core idea of the artwork. First, I like to focus on its overall form. The exterior design of the sarcophagus is a Roman temple, as observed in its lid and body. For the lid, it is apparent that it follows the intricate and carefully adorned roof of a Roman temple. The sophistication of the roof’s design is evidenced by the round shields that are placed on its edges; the heads of the lions that are situated on the roof panels; and the wavy-shaped ornaments that are positioned at the center of the roof. For the body, the warrior figures serve as its primary design. The various battle situations depicted in the sarcophagus further add to its dramatic feel. Taking the discussion from a visual to a perceptual point-of-view, it is obvious that the artwork, through the use of various artistic elements like movement and texture as delivered by the wavy lines and round-shaped ornaments, is able to successfully capture: firstly, the liveliness and the brutality of the battle; secondly, the triumph of the Roman warriors against the Amazons; and lastly, the greatness of the Roman race in general. It is important to take these three interrelated concepts to better understand the main theme of the artwork. Assessing the Main Theme In assessing the main theme of the artwork, it is necessary to go beyond its form by focusing on its substance. For this matter, I wish to include a socio-political perspective to enrich my qualitative examination of the artwork. While the triumph of t

Compose one job application using information from the narrative Essay

Compose one job application using information from the narrative below. A Solicited Job application letter in block format - Essay Example I used to supervise in and out flow of the products. I also learned about the shipping lanes, the shipping cost, insurance policies and the restricted goods for different countries. During the summer 2007 I worked as a loader and dock worker in the same company. I know about the high risk of shipping over the ocean and also about loading the containers with or without cranes. So I have all the basic knowledge about the commercial merchant ships, about their speed, design and the crew. I have worked as a laborer as well as a member of the management team so i know the in and out of the whole business. Moreover I am energetic, disciplined and quick learner and have a real gusto for hard work. Thank you for your consideration. Please see my resume for additional information. I can be reached anytime via email jackst@yahoo.com or my cell phone 23456034809. Sincerely, Jack S. Turner

Dr. Heidegger's Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dr. Heidegger's Experiment - Essay Example Hence, Dr. Heidegger is an old, peculiar and well educated man who is a signification of hope in Dr. Heidegger’s experiment and attempts to teach three ignorant peers life lessons through a carefully orchestrated experiment. As mentioned above, Dr. Heidegger possesses the quality of hope. One can gain admiration of his inner qualities by his brief history. Heidegger is said to have been deeply in love with a woman who he was on the verge of marrying until she died on the eve of their wedding after swallowing one of his prescription as she suffered from a slight disorder. The importance of this lady in his life is indicated by the large portrait of her which he keeps on his wall. The emotions and feelings of Dr. Heidegger for this lady are a characteristic feature of Gothic literature. In this literature emotions are usually well illustrated. Even after so many years have passed since the death of the lady, it is evident that Heidegger still possesses great love for this woman. This is also shown by the fact that he keeps the rose that he was supposed to wear on his wedding. This love and commitment possessed by Heidegger is an indication of his character and a symbol of emotional representation in gothi c literature. Hope can be seen in the actions of Heidegger as he chooses a unique group of individuals as his subjects. These individuals all have different backgrounds and these are effective in the fulfillment of the objectives in the experiment. The backgrounds of these individuals as well as their characters are also representations of gothic literature. In addition, the nature of the experiment also has some gothic elements. In gothic literature, the supernatural also plays a role. Hence, in this case Heidegger attempts to use the supernatural to teach his subjects the positives of living life once by giving them water from the fountain of youth. Heidegger is hopeful that this fountain

Revisiting the role of miscue analysis in effective teaching Article

Revisiting the role of miscue analysis in effective teaching - Article Example Goodman initially came up with a Taxonomy which featured 28 various kinds of miscues (Goodman, 1969). Developed originally for research reasons, its unwieldiness plus a need to enlarge its utilization inspired Carolyn Burke, Yetta Goodman in 1972 to establish a smaller edition made up of 9 questions to be queried about every miscue-which was a straightforward system that they reasoned would become a more manageable and helpful tool especially for teachers and clinics in the school system. Thus the authors were not so much interested in conventional quantitative measures like reading rate or reading accuracy and figured out that their qualitative method gave more fine-grained and appropriate information as compared to other methods of reading assessment. This therefore implies that using Reading Miscue Inventory (RMI)a learner’s incorrect answer ,in comparison to the printed word, may portray a variation in dialect, a shift in intonation, sound similarity, graphic similarity, syntactic acceptability, grammatical similarity, semantic acceptability, self-correction having semant ic acceptability and meaning change. It is clear that McKenna and her colleagues do not understand much about the analysis of miscue. Analysis of miscue continues to be accepted by teachers since it assists them comprehend how their students make sense of the written word. It is widely used in programs for educating teachers as a way of making teachers revalue the process of reading. Miscue also continues to be utilized in research since it gives a depth profile of the process of reading in use. There is no single publication of critique analysis which has proved its invalidity. McKenna and Picard and her colleagues only cite one unfunded study carried out by Goodman over 4 decades ago, which was at the very start of examination of oral

Contemporary Issues in Strategic Management Assignment

Contemporary Issues in Strategic Management - Assignment Example There have also been many chief executives at the company but the latest expansion was under the stewardship of Mr. Sarin who was taken from the Coca-Cola Company. Its growth has been mostly of the acquisition type and this has seen it assume the level of operating on economies of scale. This case below, therefore, undertakes to analyze the value chain framework, unearth the key competencies and then lineate the strategic development of the company to the main goals and objectives.  Ã‚   Value Chain refers to the activities taking place in a business and related to the competitive strengths of the company. The value chain has two major branches; primary activities and support activities. Primary activities are the activities of a company that are concerned with the creation and delivery of a product. Support activities are all those activities that increase the efficiency of primary activities. One of the primary chain activities is the inbound logistics operations. These activities concern themselves with storage of materials that are sourced externally. Outbound logistics, on the other hand, are all the activities that are used to get the finished company products to the buyers. Marketing and sales services are activities that are concerned with giving the information to the consumers about the availability of the goods and services in a company.  Ã‚   Key competencies are the activities of strength that are used to create a positive advantage of the company above others by utilization of its key strengths. The core competencies may take the form of effective people management as well as investing in the strength of the brand of the company. Moreover, the company can decide to sell its wares at a lower price which would culminate into cost advantages.