Business Entity Regulations Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Entity Regulations Paper - Essay Example Next comes the most important part. If it is in the form of sole proprietorship or general partnership, the entity might not require registrations but if it in the form of Corporations, LLCs or LLPs or limited partnerships, it requires business filings with the Kansas Secretary of State. Also, if the business is in the form of partnership (limited or limited liability), non-profit, limited liability company or an corporation, the entity has to be registered with the State of Kansas. The business entity is granted an Employer Identification Number (EIN) which is a federal tax identification number. It is essential for the employers to have EIN before they hire any person. Apart from these mandatory factors, the entity also has to be registered for the state taxes and try and obtain businesses licenses and permits from the state as well as the local governments to function legally. Last but not the least, for the start-ups, guidance are provided to hire the employees at the first place. The annual filling report can be obtained electronically or online. At the outset, the name of the business entity and the identification number of business identification as per Secretary of State’s record has to be entered. The business entity (Lario Oil and Natural Gas in this case) should have delinquent and active status to file online. Also the business entity must possess credit card facility and checking account. As the Lario Oil and Gas Company is a profit entity, it has to pay a flat fee of USD 50. The due date for the annual report can be found by conducting a business entity search or contacting the office of the Secretary of State. The other important aspect of the procedure is that the online option is applicable only to the companies having addresses at the United States and Canada. If the company has address in any of the other nations, it has to mail the annual report in paper document to the

Debate Paper on the Welfare Act Essay Example for Free

Debate Paper on the Welfare Act Essay In 1996, in order to fulfill his campaign promise to end welfare as we know it President Bill Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), as a result both the fabric and management of the national welfare system were altered. With any policy change comes conflict in the form of opposing perspectives, and the two conflicting viewpoints that will be discussed for the basis of this paper were induced as a result of the enacted PRWORA. Michael Tanner, the first author to be discussed within this paper defended the belief that the alterations to welfare reform achieved desirable results. Author Stephen Pimpare, the voice of the opposition, blasts the PRWORA and its aftereffect. Michael Tanner discussed, how the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) has been the catalyst for the decline of poverty in the United States. Tanner began his argument by accenting the opposition of many American liberals, that anticipated that the passage of this bill would bare cataclysmic results such as, forcing families into absolute poverty. Through the use of statistical data, Tanner discussed how a decade later, the results of the aforesaid bill have proven to be quite opposite of the conjecture. Comparatively, Stephen Pimpare sought to discuss, how the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) has come to fail the recipients that it was originally intended to benefit. Pimpare admits that although, the number of welfare recipients were reduced, there has not been enough substantial evidence to indicate that this was, as a result of welfare reform. Instead, Pimpare believes that the decline in poverty was attributed to forces unrelated to the enactment of the PRWORA. Although, poverty declined in the mid-1990s, he affirms that it is on the rise once more and in large part due to welfare reform. Pimpare continues his argument by making the struggles of former welfare recipients a focal point. By encouraging employment among the poor, the PRWORA placed a work requirement, and a five year lifetime cap on cash assistance, which Pimpare believes has made the lives of those that left welfare, particularly single mothers, that much harder. He more or less explains that under the policies of the PRWORA the federal governments attempt at bringing an end to welfare meant giving states more control over program requirements; doing away with previous federal matching funds, and reducing the incentives for bringing in new welfare recipients. According to Pimpare, without these incentives and the increased authority given to states, many now delegate their allotments for the use of programs or budget deficits that are unrelated to the welfare expenses for which, the funding was initially intended, and the few states that do invest funds into welfare related programs do so by contracting private organizations. Each author agrees that there has been reductions in welfare rolls, but neither believe that this decline occurred for the same reasons. Michael Tanner asserts throughout his article that rolls declined in large part as a result of the PRWORA; giving only slight praise to economic growth. Tanner believes that this among other factors are an effective appraisal of the PRWORAs overall success. Although, Stephen Pimpare also acknowledges cuts in the rolls, he denies that the PRWORA was the influence. He credits the diminishment of the rolls to the decline of unemployment and higher wages. He affirms that if it had not been for the implementation of welfare reform, poverty would have been substantially lower then it was. An additional point, addressed by both authors, is how former welfare recipients have fared beyond their enrollment under the enacted PRWORA. Each side of the opposition maintains that the effects of the welfare reform have bared either negative or positive consequences. Tanner stated that although, many individuals who left welfare, as a result of the PRWORA, have only acquired full time, entry level positions, paying an average of $16,000 per year, it was progress and far better then where those individuals once were. He adds, that while these individuals take on menial employment, they are in turn, gaining valuable experience that will provide them with marketable skills for higher earnings in the future. In Pimpares article, he argues that the PRWORA has ultimately, had adverse effects on the lives of former recipients. He states that homelessness is at an all time high. According to Pimpare, more then half of former recipients remain in poverty, and around 60 percent were unemployed upon there completion of the welfare program. He adds, that poor women, a population that dominates the overall pool of welfare recipients, have become no more autonomous following the welfare reform, then they were previously. Historically, there have been generations of conflict concerning the welfare of the impoverished, and the overall tone of both articles are no exception. Each article, exemplified the current state of conflict. Within our course we have examined this shift of ideology, throughout various periods of time. Historical occurrences, from one era to the next have acted as the catalyst for the fluctuation of the perceived accountability for the poor. The view of personal versus social responsibility has shaped the response to social welfare policies. The retrenchment was a period marked by the relinquishment of responsibility to the individual, and the PRWORA was to be the means of supporting this return of autonomy to the poor. It has been sixteen years since the PRWORA took its place amongst government legislation, and the lives of its former recipients have shifted during this lapse in time, but has welfare reform changed their lives for better or for worse? Did the lunatic right accurately predict the welfare leavers destinies, or were the liberal prophets of doom correct? I strongly believe, that in order to form an educated rebuttal against the opposition, one should have a clear understanding of the vantage point that they wish to support, as well as, of the one that they wish to dismiss. After, thoroughly examining each viewpoint of the welfare reform quarrel, I believe that I am fully informed enough to take the side of most American liberals. Since, its enactment in 1996, the PRWORA has increased the power of the states, but has done very little to increase the livelihood of those who stood to benefit from it. I am sure in hindsight, the PRWORA seemed like a good idea, but it turned out to be fundamental flawed. Since its passage, single parents have been unable to adequately provide for their families. While, many former welfare recipients have managed to attain employment, a scant amount have actually evaded the reality of poverty. The rise in employment is parallel with the increased presence of single mothers, who have entered the labor force, which can clearly be attributed to welfare reform. The vast majority of former welfare recipients, who have entered the work force are only earning between $10,000 and $16,000 annually, this is substantially lower then the amount a family realistically requires to obtain lifes basic necessities. The impractical expectation of welfare reform were that these individuals would eventually climb the job ladder out of menial, entry level positions, but I am not so naive and simple-minded as to agree. History has offered insight into such situations, thus wages remain stagnant for less educated workers, and being employed does not automatically absolve a person from impoverishment. On a positive note, more monies have been earmarked for child care agendas, but difficulties still persist. Single parents continue to receive less support to work. Federal and state programs extend to few families that require child care. Head Start serves less than half of eligible children (Blank, Schulman, and Ewen 1999). The quality of child care is insufficient, as a result of low wages for child care workers. An additional problem is that, although former recipients have obtained employment, they have in turn, been left unable to afford healthcare. Many are not offered such benefits through their employers, and become excluded from government funded health coverage, due to there inability to adhere to the maximum wage requirements. While I am sure the debate over welfare reform will persist long after this assignment has been submitted, it is still worth mentioning how fundamentally backwards the passage of the PRWORA was. Although, it has succeeded in pushing individuals off of the rolls, it has failed to pull them out of poverty, and it is for this reason that I must assent with Pimpares argument. What quality of life do people have when they must survive on the bare minimum? I can make little sense of a government that would allow its citizens to continue living in poverty. The PRWORA does not offer the opportunity for betterment and empowerment, it guarantees a life of struggle.

A Family in Turmoil in Today Will Be A Quiet Day :: Today Will Be a Quiet Day Essays

A Family in Turmoil in Today Will Be A Quiet Day  Ã‚     Ã‚   In Amy Hempel’s story, "Today Will Be A Quiet Day," a father takes the day off to spend time with his two children at a place called "Petaluma." The title suggests that this day was one of calmness and relaxation, but in reality the title should be " A Family in Turmoil." Throughout the trip, the children argue, complain, and bicker which seems to suggest that the day is rather depressing and quite humbling for the father (Baker 170). The father’s good intentions for quality family time failed. When I first read the story, I felt that their relationships were a little detached and never quite came together. Suffering from the death of a close friend, the boy tries to ignore his feelings and jokes on his sister. His friend was a mental patient who threw himself off a building. Being really young and unable to cope with this tragedy, the boy jokes to his sister about the bridge collapsing. "The mention of the suicide and of the bridge collapsing set a depressing tone for the rest of the story" (Baker 170). Arguments about Raisinettes force the father to settle it by saying, "you will both spoil your lunch." As their day continues, their arguments become more serious and present concern for the father who is trying to understand his children better. In complete agreement with Justin Oeltzes’ paper, "A Sad Story," I also feel that this dark foreshadowing of time to come is an indication of the author’s direct intention to write a sad story. At lunch the children are rowdy and need to be calmed down. The father says, "Maybe we could try a little quiet today." The girl replies, "You sound like your tombstone. Remember what you wanted it to say?" Her brother joins in by saying, "Today will be a quiet day. Because it never is around us." (Hempel 1204). Shortly after completing their meal, the girl asks about her dog. "Did anyone remember to feed him?" she asks (Hempel 1205). The boy again brings death into the picture by saying that he forgot to feed the dog and then proceeds to remind her about her previous dog. She was told the dog was taken to a sheep farm where, in reality, the dog was put to sleep. Naturally, the girl began to cry.

Factors Affecting the Standard of Living Residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar

Our country is an ideal area for economic growth. Its mild climate, rich natural resources, and fertile soil suited for plant growth are some of many reasons to justify why our country could be developed economically. It is to be noted; however that increase production means economic growth and a way to raise the living standard of families. As economic growth improves the average citizen’s standard of living a smaller portion of the population tends to fall below the absolute poverty standard.Society can eliminate absolute poverty through a combination of economic growth and transform of many citizens with more than adequate income to the poor. Every residents in the Philippines would like to raise its living standard an exactly that of its community fact, every political bigwig aims to improve his home towns above all other. Most of the people find a way to become successful to have greater income more than enough for their daily subsistence or that would suffice their needs . Those, improve the living standard of the residents. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMGenerally, this study attempted to determine some factors affecting the standard of living residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar. Specifically, this study will answer the following queries. 1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar in terms of: Age Sex Civil Status Highest Educational Attainment Monthly Income 2. Are the following factors affects the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar? Ideal household size Total family income (annually) Numbers of family members in school Types of household 3.What are those factors that directly affects and indirectly affects the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar? 4. What is the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar in terms of: Food expenditures Clothing expenditures App liances and utilities Housing expenditures Recreation and transportation Health and education expenditures 5. What recommendation do the respondents advanced in order to uplift their standard of living? OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Specifically, this study aimed to: 1. Determine the socio-demographic profile of the residents in Brgy.Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar in terms of: Age Sex Civil Status Highest Educational Attainment Monthly Income 2. Determine the following factors that affects the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar. Ideal household size Total family income (annually) Numbers of family members in school Types of household 3. Determine the factors that directly affects and indirectly affects the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar. 4. Determine the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar in terms of: Food expendituresClothing expenditures Appliances a nd utilities Housing expenditures Recreation and transportation Health and education expenditures 5. Determine recommendation do the respondents advanced in order to uplift their standard of living. SCOPE AND LIMITATION This study is limited to the residents in Barangay Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar. The researchers shall base their analysis on the response of the respondents in the questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study. Likewise this is united to the indicators such as: food expenditures, clothing expenditures, utilities, housing expenditures and education.The house hold size, family income, number of family member in school, type of household, employment status of head of the family and nature of work are also considered. The researchers limits their knowledge on the expenses and knowledge in conducting the research. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY This study attempted to gather data that can be a basis for improving the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawa yan, Catarman, Northern Samar. The result of this study will be useful to Barangay Officials in elevating the living standard of every residents in the said Barangay through the factors that affect them.It will also serve as reference for students who intend to do a research on other economical problem of this said locality. The findings of this study will also help the community to become aware of living standard of every Filipino residents in order to develop their community especially that of Filipino residents residing in the rural areas. DEFINITION OF TERMS 1) AGE – the entire period of life or existence, as of a person, thing, nation, etc. 2) SEX – either of two divisions, male and female, by which organisms are distinguished with reference to the reproductive functions. ) CIVIL STATUS – it refers to the respondents whether they are single, married, separated, widow or widower. 4) MONTHLY INCOME – it refers to the amount of money received by all mem bers of the family every month and which serves as a common fund to buy the needs and wants of the family. 5) TYPES OF HOUSEHOLD – determine to as whether the respondents live in their own home or they live with their parents even they have own family. 6) STANDARD OF LIVING – refers to a living status in terms of indicators considered in the study.7) FOOD – it refers to a solids substance eaten for nourishment of the respondents. ) CLOTHING – it refers to a wearing apparel of respondents to cover their human body. 9) APPLIANCES – it refers to the things owned by the family which adorn their houses and are used by the family members for their comfort and convenience. 10) UTILITIES – fitness for some desirable practical purpose, serviceableness; that which is necessary. 11) HOUSE MAINTENANCE – it refers to any dwelling place of a family. 12) RECREATION – it refers to the activities of the family for refreshment and relaxation. 13 ) TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES – it refers to any mode of transportation used by the family ingoing to work or school.4) HEALTH – it refers to the body condition the respondents whether they are strong or weak. 15) EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURES – it refers to a training by which a respondents learn how to use or develop their mental, physical and moral power. 16) EXPENDITURES – total expenses of a family for their daily needs. 17) NUCLEAR TYPE OF FAMILY – family members composed of father, mother, children living in their own home. 18) EXTENDED TYPE OF FAMILY – family members living together with their parents, even if they have own family. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Research LiteratureStandard of living usually refers to the economic level achieved by an individual, family or nation. It may be measured by the value of the goods and services produces or used by the individual, family, or nation in a given period of time. Another interpr etation of standard living is based on the goals that the people have enough material things for comfort and happiness, they achieved their standard of living. Standard of living is determined by the social status a person has and the goods and services he can buy. Wealthy people are secured with comfort and accorded with highest esteem by other people.Changes in prices can affect standard of living of families normally declines. On the other hand, when prices down with all other things remaining the same, people standard of living normally raises. But the letter statement does not anymore happen now a day. The relative poverty standard is the standard of living below which a certain percentage of population falls if we choose the percentage to be 10%, the relative poverty standard would be the income of the family at the tenth percentile of the income distribution. One of the problems of family is poverty. Poverty is a vicious cycle.If the parents are poor, the children will likely be poor also. Poor parents cannot provide their children with good condition or education that will raise them up from poverty. Another is they cannot give their children good food, hence they are sickly and have poor energy level which keep them away from school. Consequently, they slim chances to have a good saying job when they mature. According to Gordon and Dawson, standard of living in rural areas 30 percent below the standard of living in the cities, yet one of every five farmers lives below the poverty line. Development is the concern of everyone.It places a crucial role in every country. It is considered a progressive and dynamic process. Any country, which has attained development, has abundant material resources to meet her need. Educate people are more aware of the impact of the government on their lives and more attention to politics. They have more information about politics and undertake wide range of political activities. The status, goods and services they enjoy by the people largely determine their standard of living. On the other hand, the standard of living of the people depends upon there income.People who are wealthy are secured with comfort and accorded with highest prestige. Changes in the prices affect the living standard of segment of the population especially that of the worker or a person with fixed income. Family size also affect poverty. The absolute poverty standard raises with family size but not necessarily with earning capacity. The high standard of living, the lower the population that a given area can support. In many of the world, the standard of living is also low that large population can exist in small of land. In areas of high living standard, the resources can support only a spa use population.Although the poor earn but a small fraction of natural income, they have made great strides in absolute living standards. Real wages have rises steadily over the last century; manufacturing workers today earn real wages 10 times what their great grandfather got. Few socialist or communist today doubt that capitalist has been a mighty engine for increasing the real wages of poor as well as rich. A country may be conceived as one in which the collective objectives is to maximize the total welfare this rather than economic power of other forms of it, like military and political influence.The most living, that is the quantity of good and services available for consumption. Local Literature Electrification raises not only the level of consumption but also the will to economize because higher standard of living (consumption), brought about by household electricity, are necessarily accompanied by an increase in the income of the family (through more production), either through self-employment causing the electricity industry, or through employment in power-using industries.The people having a minimum of subsistence standard of living have an income adequate to provide for their necessities under normal conditions , but they cannot spare any part of their income for social necessities. They cannot afford medical care, and in case of emergency like sickness they have to depend on free clinic or dispensaries. They can manage to exist without any assistance, buy they can count on no savings to depend upon when the bread winner of the family is unemployed. They are always exercise careful economy in their expenditures. Pp. 668The families having the comfort standard of living may be described as those who can afford to provide not only for a sufficient amount of the necessities but also for cultural wants. They can send their children to college, they can afford to set aside part for their income for recreation and travel, and they can participate in the conventional activities in their community. The small land owner, most of members of the professional class and small business men enjoy this standard. Many of them can drive a car and can afford to join to a club. All demands of a respectable sc ale of living can be satisfied.The members constitute the upper middle class in the country. At the poverty level, people are unable to provide sufficient quantity of the necessities for an independent existence even with the most careful expenditure of available income. Their income is entirely inadequate to provide for the upkeep of the family. The people of this class have to be aided most of the time in one way or another. Their food is much simple, they could not afford to clothe themselves decently, and they live in a nip shacks in an over crowded houses where privacy is impossible.They literally live to have a mouth existence. The constitute the bulk of those who appeal to charitable organizations for help, if they are not actually living on beggary. Pp. 667 Standard of living are products of society. Many of the goods they consume are considered essential in maintaining personal and social well-being, because our neighbours and whole community are using them to do many thing s because it is appropriate and natural for us to work with them. If it is customary in a town to send children to school, parents in that community exerted effort sending their children to school.Our attitude toward many things is being imposed upon by society, our choices are controlled by the society of which we are part of. Living standard are constantly undergoing a process of change. There is scarcity in nation that does not experience changes in its standard of living. The standard of living of some people changes in its standard of living. The standard of living of some people changes much more slowly than that of others, depending on the effort of certain dynamic for use that bring about reorganization of social economics values and lead them to scrutinize of life.It is scarcity necessary to point out that the different standards of living in the Philippines have not been immune from innovation and new concepts and attitudes of what constitutes individual and social welfare since the Spanish time. Pp. 671 It is difficult for the poor to maintain life of dignity. They have not been fortunate enough to find an employment that will enable them to provide education. Because of lack of education and the right connection, a poor person finds it difficult to work for a job. If ever he finds one, it is usually a low paying job.Standard of living is determined by the social status a person has and the goods and services he can buy. Wealthy people are secured with comfort and accorded with highest esteem by other people. Changes in prices can affect standard of living. When prices go up without corresponding increase in income, the standard of living of the people normally decline. On the other hand when prices go down with all other things remaining the same, people standard of living normally rises. But the latter statement does not anymore happen now a days. Poverty is a vicious cycle.If the parents are poor, the children will likely be poor also. Poor paren ts cannot provide their children with good education that will raise them up from poverty. Another is they cannot give their children with good food, hence they are sickly and have poor energy level which keep away from school. Consequently, they end up unschooled. As such they have slim chances to have a good paying job when they mature. According to Sorio, as cited by Bicol, (1998) the standard of living of the people is largely determined by the status, goods and services they enjoy.On the other hand, the goods and services status people enjoy depend upon their income. People who are wealthy secure the most comfort and are accorded with the highest prestige. In addition to the family’s income the cost of living and the house, the family residents should not be considered. Limpoco, )1989) stated that material possession is an indicator of the level of living. Malaki, B. et. Al, (1998) claimed that in the discipline of economy. Largely family size may be a good source of inc ome.This is, however, placed in tandem with all other attitudes which may contribute to the realization of a livable standard of living. Ubaldo, et. Al. , (1998) found out that most of the farmers, the respondents of his study belong to the income of P49, 912. 00 per annum as which for low the poverty level. Ronquillo, et, al. , (1989), stated that the higher the standard of living in a given area can support. In an area of high standard of living, the resources can support only sparse population. Development is the concern of every one.It places a crucial role in every country. It is considered a progressive and dynamic process. Any country, which has attained development, has abundant material resources to meet her needs educated people are more aware of the political activities. The status, goods and services they enjoyed by the people largely determine their standard of living. On the other hand, the standard of living of the people depends upon their income. People who are weal thy are secured with comfort and accorded with the highest prestige.Changes in the prices affect the living standard of segment of the population, especially, that of the worker or a person with fixed income. The higher standard of living, the lower the population that a given area can support. In many of the world, the standard of living is also low that large population can exist on small of land. In areas of high living standard, the resources can support only a spares population. The most important cause of poverty among individuals is poverty itself. One who come from a poor family generally turns out to be poor himself and this likely to be true to his children.This is vicious cycle of poverty. The poor has a lesser opportunity for a better life because he moves around an environment where everybody seems to be perennially needing support and assistance from others. The poor are generally more prone to illness; hence absenteeism at work is rampant thereby lowering their earnin g capacity. Poor health results in lower energy level, lower productivity and shorter lives. The goods services and social status that people enjoy depend upon their income. In like manner, the goods and services and social status largely determine their standard of living.People relatively enjoy a high standard of living. They are not very much affected when there is an increase in the cost of living because their income does not generally fluctuate if the changes in prices occur. For a worker or a person who depends on fix income, affects his standard of living. In sparsely populated countries, the people living standard is relatively higher than in over populated countries. This is so because the resources of a given country can sufficiently support an ideal number of population.If the population growth out poses production growth, there would be an imbalance of distribution of wealth. According to Ronquillo, et. al. , (1989) the standard of living is high in a country which has enough resources to support its population. Tussing, (1987) claims that children whose parents are poor and have been deprived of good pre-natal care; thereby likely have less IQ, lower energy level, higher absenteeism at school and shorter lives. They will likely be poor when they grow up and have less chance to enjoy a high standard of living. Foreign LiteratureThe fantastic magnitude of the increases in both labor production and output for capita since, say, 1800 is best appreciated by contrasting it with the dismal average record of many previous centuries. In Europe, after a long decline. Living standards had been increasing intermittently since the eleventh century – the century in which William the Conqueror acquired England. Yet, it is estimated that even by the time of the American civil war neighbour labor productivity nor GNP per capita had yet re attained the levels that had been achieved in ancient Rome – about 16 centuries earlier!Thus, on the average, pr oductivity and GNP per capita did not grow at all over 1600 years. Even for those wealthy enough to buy them, the number of important new consumer goods innovated in those 16 centuries was remarkably small. Firearms, glass windowpanes eyeglass, mechanical clocks, tobacco, and printed books constitute almost the entire list of major new consumer products invented between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the nineteenth century.Indeed, some significant amenities notably elaborated bathing facilities efficient home heating devices, had disappeared since the fall of Rome. Family size is usually related to living standard. Bigger family size results in a lower living standard, while smaller family size leads to the improvement of living standard. This happens, however, only when other factors that affect living standard are held constant. According to Gordon and Dawson (1984), standard of living in rural areas are 30 percent below the standard of living in the cities, let one out of every five percent lives below the poverty line.According to Henderson and Poole (1991), the family size also, affects poverty line. The absolute poverty standard rises with family size, but earning capacity does not. There is also an association between large families and low education level. Parents with a little formal education are not likely to get jobs that pay well enough to support many children. Hence, many are likely to be poor. Even though family size and race can put people at the risk of poverty. Over all, the primary determinants of poverty is whether the household works.

The Tragic History of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare

In the Tragic History of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, , the sane Hamlet occasionally switches between sanity and insanity. When madness orders Hamlet’s purpose, he puts on an â€Å"antic disposition† (I. V. 463). On the other hand, when sanity proves worthy, Hamlet continues back to being logical. Hamlet claims he is â€Å"mad north-north-west (II. ii), meaning he is mad sometimes and sane other times. To achieve his goals, Hamlet continues back and forth between sanity and insanity, which ironically, shows his goal of revenge.To begin, Hamlet starts of insanity to try and achieve his goals. Hamlet uses is insanity as a weapon, changing insanity into the form of words or action. Hamlet is only insane towards his enemies or his enemies allies. For example, Hamlet attacks Ophelia, who has allied herself with Claudius with words â€Å"are you honest† (III. i) â€Å"are you fair† (III. i). Hamlet â€Å"speaks daggers† (III. ii) to Gertrude, because she is an interference to Hamlet. Also, Hamlet destroys Polonius so violently that Hamlet guarantees that Polonius is â€Å"dead, for a ducat, dead† (III. iv).Hamlet deeply harms both Ophelia and Gertrude with his words of insanity, while sending Polonius to the grace with his actions of insanity. All three people, Ophelia, Gertrude and Polonius, are Claudius’ allies, and by hurting Claudius’ allies, Hamlet is indirectly wounding Claudius. This is Hamlet’s short term goal: to get rid Claudius of allies. Besides using insanity to harm Claudius’ allies, the little presence of Hamlet’s insanity troubles Claudius. Gradually, Claudius gets more furious with Hamlet and knows that â€Å"madness in great ones must not unwatch'd go† (III. i.). Hamlet's insanity causes Claudius to send people to uncover the mysteries of his insanity. Hamlet's fake madness causes Claudius to increase anger. Claudius' confusion is Hamlet's other short-term goal. In brief, Hamlet's insanity has helped him achieve his short-term goals of eradicating Claudius' allies and confusing Claudius. On the other hand, Hamlet returns to sanity and uses it as a method of concentration. Whenever Hamlet is sane, he is focused on the current situation. When Hamlet encounters the ghost, he tells it to â€Å"speak†, because he is â€Å"bound to hear† (I.v. ). While speaking with the ghost, Hamlet cries for his â€Å"prophetic soul† (I. v. ). Hamlet is also very focused when speaking and listening to Horatio. When Horatio tells Hamlet about the ghost of Hamlet's father, Hamlet asks Horatio to â€Å"let him hear† (I. ii. ). While sane, Hamlet's thoughts are clear and he is focused on the topic. When meeting his father's ghost, he pays full attention to it. When Hamlet speaks to Horatio about Hamlet's father's ghost, Hamlet listens and speaks with sanity. Hamlet also refers to his â€Å"prophetic soul† (I. v. ).Since Hamlet des cribes himself to have a â€Å"prophetic soul† (I. v. ), it shows that his mind is very clear, unlike the mind of the insane. Hamlet's short-term goal is to concentrate when necessary. When Hamlet is alone, his thoughts are very thorough. For example, Hamlet's â€Å"to be or not to be† (III. i. ) speech is very clearly thought out. Hamlet's thoughts are much more mature than those of the insane. Hamlet's second short-term goal is to philosophize. Through the return into sanity, Hamlet is able to accomplish both his short-term goals of concentration and philosophizing.However, due to the constant reversal between sanity and insanity, Hamlet's revenge is slowed down. Hamlet's mind becomes tangled due to constant changes in personality, between sanity and insanity. Early in the play, Hamlet says that he will put on an â€Å"antic disposition† (I. v. ). However, in the last scene of the play, Hamlet tells Horatio that â€Å"in my heart there was a kind of fightingà ¢â‚¬  (V. ii. ). At one point he says that he will fake insanity, while later, he says that there is fighting in his heart, which hints insanity. Due to this, Hamlet becomes indecisive. Hamlet's inability to act causes his revenge to be slowed.In the end, it is believed that Hamlet is very sane. His act of insanity is to mess with the others heads. He knows that Claudius has sent Rosencrantz and guildenstern to spy on him. He doesn’t want them to know that what he is planning is to unveil the truth, and that Claudius murdered King Hamlet. He does not want Claudius to know that he knows the truth. Hamlet switches between sanity and insanity to achieve his short-term goals. He uses insanity against enemies and sanity as a method of concentration. However, the constant switch of sanity and insanity brings him a slow revenge.

State Versus National Standards

State Versus National Standards As you write lesson plans, you will need to refer to standards for your subject area. Standards are created to ensure that students from one classroom to another are taught the same basic information in a particular subject. While that concept might seem simple stated as such, it can, in fact, be much more complicated for the individual classroom teacher. State Standards The situation is further complicated by the periodic changes that occur to standards. When a particular curriculum area meets to change their standards, teachers are handed and expected to teach to a new group of standards from that point on. This can cause problems when drastic changes occur and teachers are still using textbooks based on the older standards. So why does this situation exist? The answer lies in flexibility and the desire for local control. States are able to determine what is important for their citizens and focus the curriculum accordingly. National Standards Will there ever be mandated national standards? At this time, it looks doubtful. Proponents claim that the curriculum would be standardized across the nation. However, the desire for local control is one of the foundational beliefs of the United States. An individual focus desired by the states would be virtually impossible with national standards. Getting Involved How can you get involved? On an individual level, just learning the state and any national standards will keep you informed of what is current in your field. You should join any organizations for your subject area such as the National Council for Teachers of English (NCTE). This will help you stay up-to-date as national standards are changed. In terms of your individual state, contact the state Department of Education to see if there is a way for you to become involved in reviews and changes to standards. In many states, teachers are selected to be a part of the standards process. In this way, you can have a voice in future changes to the standards for your subject area.

Shakespeares Twelfth Night a play in the genre of comedy Essays

Shakespeares Twelfth Night a play in the genre of comedy Essays Shakespeares Twelfth Night a play in the genre of comedy Paper Shakespeares Twelfth Night a play in the genre of comedy Paper Essay Topic: Twelfth Night However, within the play, arguably t the heart of it, there are other themes such as confusion and misunderstanding which lead to the question Of whether foolishness is truly at the heart of the play and if there are other themes to consider. Twelfth Night begins to suggest that foolishness and triviality will be at the centre of the play from the beginning due to the many contextual connotations it has relating to the Elizabethan festival, also known as the Feast of Fools. From this reference, the audience can already begin to predict hat not only will there be foolish behavior, but from the word feast they can deduct that there will in fact be a surplus. The festival Twelfth Night occurs annually on the 5th of January where food and drink are typically at the centre of celebrations but I rather think it consists of eating and drinking. Foolish behavior can be expected to result from this over indulgence and is clearly exhibited in Sir Toby and Sir Andrew who are foolish drunkards throughout come so early of this lethargy, resulting in some linguistic moody as well as well as many opportunities for physical comedy as a result of foolish behavior. Furthermore, the historical connotations related with Twelfth Night, similarly confirm that foolishness lies at the heart of the play as the Twelfth Night festival involved a large amount of role reversal, this too can be related to the play. Role reversal during the festival, commonly took place between people of vastly different classes; usually between someone of a lower class with that of a much higher status. Within Twelfth Night, Viola rockers to disguise herself as Corsair, a man. This class exchange is evident within the play as due to the patriarchal conventions of the time, men were seen of a much higher class than women. During the Elizabethan period, any role reversal of the sort would have caused considerable controversy and to the audience may have seemed exceedingly foolish, consequently portraying Viola as a fool, throughout the play; thus it could be argued that foolishness is present constantly and therefore at the heart of the play. Dramatic irony created from this foolish misconception further creates humor through-out as the audience is aware of Violas true identity, l am not what am, and the characters appear to be oblivious and completely unaware of the truth, hence creating more fatuous impressions of the characters.

Circumference of a Circle

Circumference of a Circle Circumference Definition and Formula The circumference of a circle is its perimeter or distance around it. It is denoted by C in math formulas and has units of distance, such as millimeters (mm), centimeters (cm), meters (m), or inches (in). It is related to the radius, diameter, and pi using the following equations: C πdC 2πr Where d is the diameter of the circle, r is its radius, and π is pi. The diameter of a circle is the longest distance across it, which you can measure from any point on the circle, going through its center or origin, to the connecting point on the far side. The radius is one-half the diameter or it can be measured from the origin of the circle out to its edge. π (pi) is a mathematical constant that relates a circles circumference to its diameter. It is an irrational number, so it doesnt have a decimal representation. In calculations, most people use 3.14 or 3.14159. Sometimes it is approximated by the fraction 22/7. Find the Circumference s (1) You measure the diameter of a circle to be 8.5 cm. Find the circumference. To solve this, simply enter the diameter in the equation. Remember to report your answer with the proper units. C πdC 3.14 * (8.5 cm)C 26.69 cm, which you should round up to 26.7 cm (2) You want to know the circumference of a pot that has a radius of 4.5 inches. For this problem, you can either use the formula that includes radius or you can remember the diameter is twice the radius and use that formula. Heres the solution, using the formula with radius: C 2πrC 2 * 3.14 * (4.5 in)C 28.26 inches or 28 inches, if you use the same number of significant figures as your measurement. (3) You measure a can and find it is 12 inches in circumference. What is its diameter? What is its radius? Although a can is a cylinder, it still has a circumference because a cylinder is basically a stack of circles. To solve this problem, you need to rearrange the equations: C πd may be rewritten as:C/π d Plugging in the circumference value and solving for d: C/π d(12 inches) / π d12 / 3.14 d3.82 inches diameter (lets call it 3.8 inches) You could play the same game to rearrange a formula to solve for the radius, but if you have the diameter already, the easiest way to get the radius is to divide it in half: radius 1/2 * diameterradius (0.5) *(3.82 inches) [remember, 1/2 0.5]radius 1.9 inches Notes About Estimates and Reporting Your Answer You should always check your work. One quick way to estimate whether your circumference answer is reasonable is to check to see if its a bit more than 3 times larger than the diameter or slightly over 6 times larger than the radius.You should match the number of significant figures you use for pi to that of the significance of the other values you are given. If you dont know what significant figures are or arent asked to work with them, dont worry about this. Basically, this means if you have a very precise distance measurement, like 1244.56 meters (6 significant figures), you want to use 3.14159 for pi and not 3.14. Otherwise, youll end up reporting a less precise answer. Finding the Area of a Circle If you know the circumference, radius, or diameter of a circle, you can also find its area. Area represents the space enclosed within a circle. Its given in units of distance squared, such as cm2 or m2. The area of a circle is given by the formulas: A πr2 (Area equals pi times the radius squared.) A π(1/2 d)2 (Area equals pi times one-half the diameter squared.) A π(C/2π)2 (Area equals pi times the square of the circumference divided by two times pi.)

Socialism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Socialism - Assignment Example Du Bois’s socialism is fully reflected in his first novel entitled, â€Å"Quest of the Silver Fleece† written on 1911. The novel serves as an antidote for socioeconomic ills experienced in the society. Du Bois explained that his writings aimed to portray the right of black individuals to enjoy and love (as cited in Weinen & Kraft, 2007). Weinen and Kraft (2007) stress the applicability of Du Bois socialism to the period after Soviet Unions collapse and Chinas transformation from socialism to a state capitalism. Du Bois (as cited in Weinan & Kraft, 2007) asserted the need for solidarity and social service for the continuing class divide between Du Bois’s talented tenth descendants and majority of African American in the twenty first century. In addition, Du Bois stressed the need for leaders to critically analyzed social democratic legacy before proposing the global free trade as a means for economic and social developments of different nations worldwide. Lastly, Du Bois (as cited in Weinan & Kraft, 2007) reiterated that global social democracy serves as a means towards attaining

Effect of Length on the Survival Rate of Woodlice Essay

Effect of Length on the Survival Rate of Woodlice - Essay Example Conspicuous variation existed in some of the traits such as weight and sprint time. The length of the woodlice was slightly similar but within the required range, the dorsal plate number was same among the woodlice. With regards to the experiment, the length was chosen as the preferred variable. The length of these woodlice was related with sprint time in the presence of spider as the predator (forceps were used as simulator). The aim was to see how the change of length can affect the survival of these woodlice and in biological perspective when related to evolution for example, the length varied or changed in order for these woodlice to be able to evade there predators. The design of this experiment was to see how the woodlice with different lengths could respond to the spider which was the predator. The experiment hypothesis was, the higher the woodlouse length the higher the possibility that it will die. Hence the null hypothesis was, woodlice are not able to respond to predators. Method In the experiment, the basis on how to control a woodlice population was fundamental. With regards to this, forty woodlice were put on a tray with soil. Then the spider as the predator was included on the tray. The forceps were used to simulate the spider. After all these were set, it was left for some time to enable the woodlice to interact with the spiders. Later after sometime, observations were made on the tray; the number of dead and survived woodlice was recorded with their corresponding length. Woodlice were first killed in order to obtain their length. 20 individuals of the woodlice population were measured without performing any replications, and were taken as an experimental control. The other 20 was measured as well. Basically, these processes... In the experiment, the basis on how to control a woodlice population was fundamental. With regards to this, forty woodlice were put on a tray with soil. Then the spider as the predator was included on the tray. The forceps were used to simulate the spider. After all these were set, it was left for some time to enable the woodlice to interact with the spiders. Later after sometime, observations were made on the tray; the number of dead and survived woodlice was recorded with their corresponding length. Woodlice were first killed in order to obtain their length. 20 individuals of the woodlice population were measured without performing any replications, and were taken as an experimental control. The other 20 was measured as well. Basically, these processes were done in order to ascertain whether the length has a significant effect to the survival. The experiment was ran alongside the control, whereby the forceps were used as a simulator to the spider. The control results indicated free ly that almost 100% of the woodlice never died. Therefore the experiment was valid at 95% confident. ResultsBasing on the 20 samples selected randomly from the population, the average values of the four traits was calculated and recorded as shown in the table 1.The standard deviation which indicated the amount of variation among the proportions was also calculated. Besides standard error was as well calculated to determine the accuracy related to average values that represent the whole population.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 69

English - Essay Example The freedom to speech and communication is a universally accepted provision within the modern day confines of democracy though the government and other oversight bodies are charged with the mandate to regulate the limits to this freedom. The government or the other regulatory bodies have the capacity to enforce regulation prohibiting publication of a piece of literary work such as a poem, thematic play or any personal declared piece of information upon establishing that the information being conveyed is detrimental to a country’s or institutions welfare and this define censorship. Nevertheless, there exists varying opinions between people in favor for or against censorship as supported by individual experience or perception of the same. I highly appreciate the government’s role in controlling and managing the freedom of expression as is provided for within our constitution. However, I highly disregard her role to censor the public for selfish gains or order to condone practices that are against ethics and morality as it happened through my own experience. My theatre group happened to be shortlisted the best student in provincial drama festivals in the category of High school competitions back in the year 2010. We had presentation of a play that had the theme of the deep rootedness of corruption within the governance structure of a hypothetical country though in real sense that was a direct representation of our country. The event that had lead to the script write choice of the theme had been a just recently concluded election where one ethnic community (and which had previously made the better part of the government) won the presidency as well as the majority representation in the national assembly. Through the play, we captured how this community and politics had shaped the institutions of the country to be more or less a communal structure and had over two-thirds of all-powerful

Global youth culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global youth culture - Essay Example These transnational corporations provide for a uniform ground and uniform commodities which the youth across the global divide can consume and share uniformly through media. Known for its historic architecture, Cincinnati is impacted by and impacts on global youth culture. The city of Cincinnati has sports teams that are identified by and supported by other youth from other nations. Cincinnati, for instance, is home to the oldest franchise in Major League Baseball in the Cincinnati Reds. The City is also home to the Cincinnati Bengals, a National Football League Franchise. Youths from other regions identify with sportsmen and women on these teams to which they may derive an identity or idea from. Youths may sport the sporting jerseys from these Cincinnati teams. The same can also be said of youths from Cincinnati who may identify with other sports teams and sporting heroes that may come from other regions. Through platforms provided by ICT technology, youths from Cincinnati can learn and follow their ideas and tastes. Cincinnati also hosts ‘taste of Cincinnati’, which represents the longest culinary arts festival in the US. This event is held annually in Downtown Cincinnati and attracts crowds of approximately 500,000 annually. The event showcases culinary delicacies from fine restaurants within the city while also highlighting local music talent. Through the event, the city gets to share its food culture with visitors from other regions of the country and the globe and may impact on their food preferences.

The Relevance of Universal Healthcare Policy in the US Research Paper

The Relevance of Universal Healthcare Policy in the US - Research Paper Example Universal healthcare system will help all the Americans irrespective of their financial status to get access medical care, which will result in decreasing illnesses and increasing health, which is an advantage for the citizens in USA. The US Senate should pass a bill to provide free and universal healthcare system for the Americans so that they get access to a good system of health care regardless of their financial status. In his article, â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Universal Health Care in The United States,† T W Philip makes clear the term ‘universal health care’. He says that it is the system of providing health coverage â€Å"for any and all willing participants† (The Pros And Cons Of Universal Health Care In The United States para.1). Universal healthcare is a government program funded by taxes. The United States is the only nation that does not have a universal health care system at present. The author of the aforesaid article says that Universal health care system is necessary and the citizens are claiming it as it is their birthright and everyone can get access to it. He makes a distinction between the universal health care and the socialized health care. He contends that under universal health care hospitals, doctors, drugs etc remain independent which function for profit or non profit. Socialized medicine is the industry controlled by the government. So, if a person wants his medical insurance he should work under the government. If he loses his job, his medical insurance is also withdrawn. ... If he loses his job, his medical insurance is also withdrawn. Many of the citizens suggest that America’s health care solution is to have a â€Å"nationalized health plan† ( Longley 4), under which medical care for the citizens will be the responsibility of the federal government and the doctors and the hospitals will be under their control. All Americans should have the right to enjoy free health care system like citizens of the other nations. The parliament needs to pass the bill for universal healthcare for American people because the Preamble of the US Constitution includes in its purpose an aim to â€Å"promote the general welfare† (Should all Americans have the right (be entitled) to health care point. 2) of the citizens of the nation. The United States of America is one of the developed nations in the world and it could be recognized as the only country which does not ensure health care for its citizens. For a better health care system, US should stop the medical bankruptcies, and try to improve the public health by reducing the overall healthcare spending. It is the lack of guaranteed healthcare system which has resulted in the poor health of the Americans as compared to citizens of other developed nations of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has ranked the US health care system â€Å"37th of 190 countries† (Gelder & Pibel), which is far below most of the European countries. Life expectancy in US is also shorter than 27 other countries. These factors indicate that there is an urgent need to revamp the present healthcare system in the country so that its status can be uplifted at par with other developed nations. Due to high cost of health care system, both the large and small firms are pulling back from offering health

Media Comparison Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Media Comparison Paper - Essay Example As a result, companies are able to push their advertisements to the ultimate limit online while they remain very restricted by comparison in all other venues. However, a problem exists in that companies attempting to maximize their advertising dollars tend to run the same advertisement in a variety of different media to such an extent that images seen in the television commercial can often be found in a print magazine or online. Despite the inherent differences between online and print advertising, however, many advertisers can be seen to double up their advertising dollars and spice up their image by converting images from their television or print advertisements into primary focus art for their online presence, giving it life and movement in ways that are sometimes not permissible in other venues. The internet provides numerous opportunities for these advertisements to go beyond the strict bounds of print and even television guidelines. Skyy Vodka is among the many examples availab le regarding this money-saving and curiosity-inducing tactic. This brand in particular uses enticing images of women, or their body parts, as a means of attracting predominantly white, upper to middle class customers to their product in both their print and online advertisements, but their online presence is permitted to go a bit beyond what their print ads have to offer. Skyy Vodka walks a delicate balance between tasteful and sleazy in their advertisements for their liquor product. Print ads feature images from the online ads that stop short of the full disclosure that sometimes appears online. An example of this can be found in the following print advertisement featuring a woman stepping off of a plane: Taking on a cartoon quality, this ad is significant in that it cuts off the woman’s head, emphasizing instead her long legs and the idea that her dress is about to be caught in the engine and ripped off of her body. This, of course, appeals

The Relevance of Universal Healthcare Policy in the US Research Paper

The Relevance of Universal Healthcare Policy in the US - Research Paper Example Universal healthcare system will help all the Americans irrespective of their financial status to get access medical care, which will result in decreasing illnesses and increasing health, which is an advantage for the citizens in USA. The US Senate should pass a bill to provide free and universal healthcare system for the Americans so that they get access to a good system of health care regardless of their financial status. In his article, â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Universal Health Care in The United States,† T W Philip makes clear the term ‘universal health care’. He says that it is the system of providing health coverage â€Å"for any and all willing participants† (The Pros And Cons Of Universal Health Care In The United States para.1). Universal healthcare is a government program funded by taxes. The United States is the only nation that does not have a universal health care system at present. The author of the aforesaid article says that Universal health care system is necessary and the citizens are claiming it as it is their birthright and everyone can get access to it. He makes a distinction between the universal health care and the socialized health care. He contends that under universal health care hospitals, doctors, drugs etc remain independent which function for profit or non profit. Socialized medicine is the industry controlled by the government. So, if a person wants his medical insurance he should work under the government. If he loses his job, his medical insurance is also withdrawn. ... If he loses his job, his medical insurance is also withdrawn. Many of the citizens suggest that America’s health care solution is to have a â€Å"nationalized health plan† ( Longley 4), under which medical care for the citizens will be the responsibility of the federal government and the doctors and the hospitals will be under their control. All Americans should have the right to enjoy free health care system like citizens of the other nations. The parliament needs to pass the bill for universal healthcare for American people because the Preamble of the US Constitution includes in its purpose an aim to â€Å"promote the general welfare† (Should all Americans have the right (be entitled) to health care point. 2) of the citizens of the nation. The United States of America is one of the developed nations in the world and it could be recognized as the only country which does not ensure health care for its citizens. For a better health care system, US should stop the medical bankruptcies, and try to improve the public health by reducing the overall healthcare spending. It is the lack of guaranteed healthcare system which has resulted in the poor health of the Americans as compared to citizens of other developed nations of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has ranked the US health care system â€Å"37th of 190 countries† (Gelder & Pibel), which is far below most of the European countries. Life expectancy in US is also shorter than 27 other countries. These factors indicate that there is an urgent need to revamp the present healthcare system in the country so that its status can be uplifted at par with other developed nations. Due to high cost of health care system, both the large and small firms are pulling back from offering health

Mobile Computing and Social Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Mobile Computing and Social Networks - Essay Example In addition to this, these applications effectively upload to a specific processing server without the use of any desktop system and application. These applications have several benefits realized by the users due to the ability to get access to the individual data and information through mobile applications. There are several challenges too that have been addressed in this essay. Run of mobile applications in small screen-sized mobile can be considered as real challenge. There are several mobile platforms, such as iPhone, Windows Phone, Android and iPad. This essay has described useful methods, which can be utilized to decide that which of these platforms are supportable. It is true that mobile application generally requires high availability aspect as the users significantly need to have continuous conflict free access to IS and IT systems. Therefore, it is important to identify and implement the ways of ensuring high availability aspect. It is true that, hacking of mobile devices has become a significant challenge. Therefore, the essay has described the methods to make the existing mobile devices more secure. Geo-location technology can be considered as one of the most significant trends in the field of social networking. It helps an individual to address the location of other intended individuals. It also helps people to locate popular places or institutions close to the physical location of an individual. Now-a-days, people are able to rebuke the locations on their mobile devices and Smartphone without the help of a desktop system or application to pull up Google maps or MapQuest in order to get directions to required addresses or places. People generally find addresses through the use of these apps on desktop and print outs. But, now these can be avoided due to availability of Smartphone, which can help individuals to find exact location and people can carry this Smartphone with them. Geo-location data also reveals important

The Biggest Bill in History and The Lessons of 193 Essay Example for Free

The Biggest Bill in History and The Lessons of 193 Essay Two articles on the current economic crisis—Pubic Debt: The Biggest Bill in History (The Economist, June 11, 2009) and The Lessons of 1937 (The Economist, June 18, 2009) both list down various points and issues that liken today’s financial crisis to that of the Great Depression of the 1930’s. Upon introduction, Romer writes that â€Å"policymakers must learn from the errors that prolonged the Depression (par. 1)†, while Ryder contrasts between â€Å"the right and wrong ways to deal with the rich world’s fiscal mess (par. 1). † The Lessons of 1937 In a guest article, Presidential Economic Adviser Christina Romer describes the barriers that economic recovery had to hurdle in the late 1930’s. She credits this downturn to the â€Å"unfortunate, and largely inadvertent, switch to contractionary fiscal and monetary policy (Romer, par. 3). † Romer stresses the importance of looking at the events of the 1937 Depression and learning from its mistakes. There is a strong urge today to declare victory and the return of fiscal stability at the slightest sign of economic improvement—Romer believes that today’s lawmakers should strongly avoid doing so until the employment rate closely approaches its highest degree. The lessons of the 1930’s should inspire us to â€Å"find constructive ways to respond to the natural pressure to cut back on stimulus (Romer, par. 7). † Public Debt: The Biggest Bill in History Brett Ryder’s opinion piece describes massive public debt as another potential â€Å"cloud†¦on the financial horizon (par. 1). As tax revenues are reduces and more money reserves are spent on bailouts, unemployment benefits and stimulus plans, international governments continue to borrow massive amounts of money. Ryder also writes that whatever damage this borrowing is doing, it is a necessary â€Å"antidote† to the current economic decline (par. 3). Governments should hold off on fiscal tightening until economies are much stronger. Works Cited Romer, Christina. â€Å"The Lessons of 1937. † Economist. com. 18 June 2009. 22 June 2009. http://www. economist. com/businessfinance/displaystory. cfm? story_id=13856176. Ryder, Brett. â€Å"Public Debt: The Biggest Bill in History. † Economist. com. 11 June 2009. 22 June 2009. http://www. economist. com/opinion/displaystory. cfm? story_id=13829461. The (Macro)Economic Crisis:

The Impact Of Social Media Marketing Essay

The Impact Of Social Media Marketing Essay This assignment discussing about the impact of social media on the way businesses are conducted today in terms of technological, economical, political and cultural exchanges brought about by these form of modern communication. As we know this modern communication platform giving impact to businesses today. We dont have any control to social media because this platform giving users freedom to express their opinions, experiences or anything that they wants. Social media providing big opportunity to organization to build better relation with clients and providing real one to one communication. Customers are now become more particular about with whom and from where they are buying products or services. One of the main reason why businesses must use social media is because their competition using this platform daily as marketing strategy. Customers and future customers also using that. Case study on giant restaurant McDonalds showing that even big companies also unable to control the power of social media. Wildfire ROI Survey 2011 survey shows that, marketers admits social media helping them to increase brand awareness and increasing customer relation. Businesses that directly interacting with customers should use social media to increase their revenue and increase the brand awareness. Many organizations now start using internal social network which connects their employees all around the world. For example, Red Robin Gourmet Burgers Restaurants have more then 460 outlets in America using internal social network to make sure daily operation getting much better and they become one of the famous restaurant in America. The number one world retailer who have more then 2.2 million employees in 2012, Wal-Mart using social media platform to streamline supply chains and manage the stocks and inventories more efficiently to reduce the product price. Any products related to social media also helping boost the world economy. Products like laptops, iPads, iPhones, headphone, headset and so on which used by customers to access social media received very high demand. Thousands of companies worldwide involved in offering social media services offers thousands of jobs opportunity. Some Fail Stories of Businesses when Using Social Media is Netflix where they are one of the top internet subscription service for watching movies and TV programs from any countries lost 800,000 customers because avoid listening to customers feedback form social media. Example of Success Companies because of Social Media is KLM Royal Dutch Airlines where successfully enjoy with meet and seat campaign which let the passengers choose the seatmate before board the plane. As a conclusion, Social media promising a lot of opportunities and challenges, so organization must prepare themselves to facing this. What is Social Media? Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein describe social media as a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0 and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content. Social Media contains two words. The first one is Social which means interaction, sharing and so on. Another word is Media where to say that social media is a medium for publication. Social media contains a lot of tools and applications which let the users express their opinion, publish articles, sharing videos and so on easily. Social Media Landscape The chart below shows the social media network landscape. There have a lot of different tools and services which allow users to do almost anything that they want. For publishing articles, opinions, news and so on there have blogs, wikis and citizen journalism portals. Twitter is for Micro publication. There have thousands of website that allow users to share videos, pictures, links, music, slideshows and product reviews. Websites like YouTube.com, FlickR and so on are some of the popular sites. To make discussion and sharing ideas or even making complaint about any companies, there have forums, video forums, instant messaging and VoIP. Social Media also allow us to watch world live tv programs or even live football from anywhere in the world. There also have platforms for virtual words, social gaming and MMO. The most popular network on internet is Social Networks like Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn and so on that connecting anybody from anywhere. According to Edison Research Survey in 2012 (the only providers of exit polling information for ABC, CNN, CBS, Fox, NBC, The AP and most of newspapers worldwide) says that, more then half American has created profile in any Social Networking websites. Edison Research Survey in 2012 also shows that nearly two thirds of social networkers are using social sites daily. Social Media History Social Media history began in 1969 when CompuServe Company offers internet services for public using dial-up technology in United States. Then in 1979 Usenet become first bulletin board which connects Duke University and University of North Carolina. The development process continuously moving until Tripod introduced online community for college students and young adults in 1992. In 1997 there have more then one million sites on the internet including social media sites like AOL Instant Messenger. Frindster become biggest social networking site in 2002 with more then 3 million users. In 2003 Myspace, Frindster clone site launched and LinkedIn also launched their business-oriented social networking site for professionals. In 2004 Facebook started their operation which offers networking opportunity for Harvard College. YouTube come to the world in 2005 and give excitements to the world with video sharing features. In 2011 social media can be accessed from anywhere in the world and beco me one of the important thing in our life. Thousands of sites offers social media services in 2012 and all this sites very flexible and can be accessed through many different devices. Companies are now forced to use social media to make sure their brand always in customers mind. Social Media Influence According to Sir Andrew Likierman, London Business School Dean, social media has completely disrupted the way businesses assess their performance. This statement is completely true because social media not longer an option but is a must especially companies that dealing straightly with customers. Some business can completely avoid thinking about social media like wholesalers because they just dealing with another business. Since social media become more power, organization facing difficulties to measure their performance. They must have specific strategy for social media or even companies could have one special unit that handle feedbacks and responses from user. Any negative feedbacks should grab attention and they have to discuss on how to react with any negative comments. Any negative response from customers will be there on net forever. No way to remove that and because of that, companies that avoid think about social media will lose some customers. Customers are now become more particular about with whom and from where they are buying products or services. They willing to make online search before making any purchase decision especially for expensive items. Since internet is now more conveniently searchable through smart phones, customer can make search in just a minutes. Thats why companies must have social media presence and put some attention to manage customer response and try to convincing them that the business is reputable and trusted. Social media providing big opportunity to organization to build better relation with clients and providing real one to one communication. There have no better advertising then word of mouth. Satisfied customers surely will share to their friends in their social network about their experiences with a particular company. If one person shares their experience to his 400 Facebook friends, and that friends spread that news to their friends, the information moves extremely fast. If a video uploa ded in YouTube with attracting title like Think Twice before you eat XXX, this video surely will grab thousands or even millions of social medial users. With Share function available almost in any site, in just a second we can share anything to social media community. One of the main reason that we must use social media is because our competition using that daily as marketing strategy. If we not use mean we loosing customers. Emarketer says in 2011, the Facebook advertising revenue estimated at 3.8 billion dollar and can increase to 5.2 billion dollar in 2012. What does it mean?, this numbers shows that a lot of businesses using social media to make advertising. A lot of businesses have social media networks account. As a result, competitors are forced to make online presence. They have no option, make appearance in social media or you will lose customers. Another big reason why a business should using social media because their customers and future customers using it. A lot of people have at lease one social media account like Facebook, YouTube and so on. A business should present their brand where customers are. Traditionally we can see people open shops at crowd places like in shopping mall and so on. The same case here where a business should present in crowd place like social media. Million of people using that every day. You didnt show mean, the competitor getting stronger. According to McKinsey, organization that using social media able to increase 50 percent customers satisfaction. They also able to catch 48 percent in business lead and the most important is, their profit increase 24 percent. Case Study (McDonalds) I would like to discuss about, what are the impacts of Social Media to one of the worlds popular fast food giant company McDonalds. If we search the word McDonalds on YouTube.com (one of the top video sharing site), there have 124,000 results. Among this results we can found that, thousand of results that showing bad thing about McDonalds. Some of the video titles are: Video with title McDonalds horror got more then 4.2 million views with 8,859 likes. Hundred of the viewers commented on this video and one of the comment is I think I  »Ã‚ ¿dont want to eat french fries from McD again which got more then one thousand likes. This video showing about McDonalds foods and why some of their food takes long time to spoil. This is how now days people using social media to express their opinions and sharing bad thing about any brands. They are now having power which can influence other people behaviors. People who watching this video then surely with spread this to their friends, relations and so on. This is real challenge to McDonalds and most of companies. Some competitor also may misuse social media to spreading bad thing about their competitors company. Any people can upload videos showing bad thing about their competitors company and they also may set specific campaign to putting them down. Nobody can stop this kind of behaviors and activities. As response, I see McDonalds showing some effort to explain questions that asked by viewers. McDonalds uploaded some response video. One of the video titles is Behind the scenes at a McDonalds photo shoot (with 7 million views and more then 17,000 likes) which explains answers to questions asked by viewers. McDonalds realized the impact of videos uploaded by their customers to their business. If McDonalds didnt do anything as response to videos that showing bad things about them, surely this will impact their business performance and lost huge amount of customers. I found that McDonalds still didnt answer many more questions asked by customer through social media. They only answer some of them and huge amount of videos still havent have any answer. In January 2012, McDonalds launched Twitter campaign with hashtag #McDStories which let the customers to post nostalgic stories and their experiences with Happy Meals (one of the famous meal sold by McDonalds). As response, customers start to share bad stories about Happy Meals like customer service, food quality. One of their post is just got a terrible burger thats been there four hours. This is one of the fail campaign by McDonalds. As a lesson we must understand that social media offering big opportunity and big risk. Peoples perception and feedbacks is uncontrollable. Companies should have some contingency plan which can be used if any problem happens. Even worlds big giant restaurant also unable to control the social media. Measuring the Business Impact of Social Media (Wildfire ROI Survey 2011) Social media is a long term strategy which falls under advertising and public relation investment. When social media combined with other marketing strategies, a particular brand will always at peoples mind. In November 2011, Wildfire (a division of Google) who is worlds largest social media marketing software providers, involved in ROI survey. This survey conducted to over 700 marketers from number of countries. This survey shows that, marketers admit social media helping them to increase brand awareness and increasing customer relations. Over 97% of marketers believes that social media marketing campaign increasing their business performance. As a long time strategy they also want to increase social media spending. This survey also shows that (see figure 3), social media have power to growing brand awareness and able to increasing sales and partnerships. 41% marketers agreed that this media able to reducing cost that will result in revenue increase. 94% respondents ranked Facebook as one of their biggest social marketing platform which giving more value to their campaign. Facebook giving more new customers, have high conversion rate and increased customers loyalty. As a summary of this survey we can see that social media changing how we doing business today. Businesses that directly interacting with customers should use social media to increase their revenue and increase the brand awareness. Day to day, social media getting more complex and businesses should start a set long term social media strategy. Big companies can use this media to improve their customer service because they can keep on eye on customers behaviors and react fast. The Impact of Social Media on the Way Businesses are Conducted Today Technological Impact Many organizations now start using internal social network which connects their employees all around the world. For example, Red Robin Gourmet Burgers Restaurants have more then 460 outlets in America. They are using internal social network which look similar like Facebook to teach their employees and managers about the recipes and how to make them fast. They are no more using traditional ways like send out bunch of books to each outlet. They are also no more waiting for feedback when store visit by headquarters and so on. Any problems that occur in any outlet get fast response from headquarters in just in few minutes. Everything becomes more easy and fast with internal social networks. Managers communicate with other managers in other outlet through chat or video conversation function. More exiting news is, they are creating burgers according to customers feedback in social media. As a result, Red Robin Gourmet Burgers becomes one of the famous restaurants in America. More and more companies are now using social media technology to speed up the business process and make sure every job done effectively. The number one world retailer who have more then 2.2 million employees in 2012, Wal-Mart using social media platform to streamline supply chains and manage the stocks and inventories more efficiently to reduce the product price. Many banks in America using social media to reduce cost for processing mortgages. SupeValu is one of the company who have number of supermarket chains in America using Yammer (enterprise social network software) to connect all 11,000 executives and store managers. They created 1000 groups in that network to discuss about challenges and discussing new ideas. All store managers are in one group where discussing problems and ideas. Another group of supervisors discussing problem related to their controls. This method is more cost effective rather then holding meeting where participated by all managers. According to McKinsey Co. Survey, they found that two-third of big companies in United States are now using web 2.0 application like internal social networks or blogs, 50% increase from year 2008. 90% of this companies admit that, this new communication way improved their operation and the process getting much faster. Eric Lesser, one of the Director at IBMs Institute for Business Value, said that social media make the communication between the worlds professionals with various skills to sharing ideas and solving problems easily. Social media technology moving extremely fast. This forcing company to have dynamic team which can learn new thing much faster. The software related to social media updated more regularly. The team must always ready anytime to facing new challenges. They must understand the most effective way to use social media which can bring good result for the company. All this pushing companies to spend more and have specific budget. Social media increased the number of internet users worldwide. From 2008 to 2012 the world internet users increased by 30% according to BBC. This forced internet service providers to finding new ways to speedup the internet connection. This to make sure all business activities can be done much faster, cheaper and in more effective way. Now we can use 4G and Fiber Optic network to send out emails or any services just in second. Conversation thought Skype becomes more comfort without any interruption. More and more companies using latest technology for communicate with other people. This is another good impact of social media. Economical Impact Social media helped businesses to create product which have high demand and according to customers needs. Customer giving feedbacks which helped many companies to develop their products and services. Companies like Dell using ideas from customers to creating and improving their products. One of the example is created backlit keyboards which is more suitable when working on airplanes. Companies who creating products according to customers needs surely will help boost the economy because high demand to that products. Any products related to social media also helping boost the world economy. Products like laptops, iPads, iPhones, headphone, headset and so on which used by customers to access social media received very high demand. Meg Whitman who is CEO of HP, says that in the past 2 years the sales for their laptops increased to more then 60%. The dramatic increase mainly because of impact of social media. More and more people using social media now and devices such as laptops receive high demand. Apple, Inc also admits that the sales for their hot product iPad received high demand as a result of social media. Social media also created job opportunities which can help the economy. Social media created thousands of jobs opportunities. Facebook has more then 2,000 employees, Twitter has 300 employees and Groupon employed more then 4,500 workers. This only some figures, there have thousands of companies worldwide involved in offering social media services which offer thousands of jobs opportunity. World economy increased and unemployment rate decreased. Business associated with facebook created 232,000 new job opportunity in Europe in 2012 according to the news published by CNN. Social media also created new industry where many people able to make income online. Many people are now enjoying income from home and helped house wifes to generate income to helping their husband while take care of their children at home. Social media contributed many benefits to the economy but there also have some negative impact. Entertainment industry especially film industry affected by social media. Film makers invest million of dollars to make movies. Thought social media sites like You Tube or any file sharing sites, any people can enjoy new movies at no cost. Even though industry players took some actions to reduce the impact, but they unable to stop this activity totally. Political Impact Many country leaders are now encouraging people to use social media. One of the greatest example is Malaysian Prime Ministers, Najib Tun Razak. He has more then one million Facebook fans as well as Tweeter. He sharing a lot of information though his network about his daily activity and so on. As a result, many companies start using social media especially Facebook on their daily operation. Most of businesses in Malaysia have Facebook ID. If we go deeper about the impact of social media in Malaysia, we can see Lynas Corporation project. Lynas project is from Australian company Lynas Corporation. This company supplies rare earths for many businesses. Many opposition political parties in Malaysia shows protects against this project because they believe this project provide danger for local environments. Malaysian citizen shows protect against this project thought social media. Facebook and many other social networks filled with feedback about this project. As a result government took some action to explain to citizen about this project and promise to evaluate back the existence of this project in Malaysia. This in one of the example showing clearly how social media impact governments decision and businesses. Cultural Exchanges Impact Social media highly impact most of business aspect. Now many businesses especially who have big number of employees start using internal social networking utilities which makes communication among them made simple. According to research made by Garner, in 2014 it assumed that more then 20 percent of businesses will use internal social networking utilities which will replace email communication now. With internal communication social network, any latest activities by company and so on will known by their employees much faster. Social media impact on human resource process from recruitment, development, career management, mentoring and so on. For example, LinkedIn is a social networking site for peoples in professional occupations. This site has more then 140 million members. Many organizations using this site to search for real talent peoples. Many HR departments using LinkedIn nowadays for recruitment where this site offer many tools that can be used to view full profile and so on. Companies also posting jobs at this site. This site opens new way to search for talented professionals. Professionals enjoy sharing their experiences on this site. Social media sites also used by companies to evaluate their employees and future employees. For example, after Human Resource department conducted interview for job openings, they will search candidate details through social network sites such as Facebook to examine whether that candidate suitable or not or has any bad things about them. This is one of the way how human resource department are now evaluate their candidate. Social networks like Facebook extremely giving big impact to world culture. We could have friends from many countries and communication with them able us to understand about their culture. Businesses now try to explore new markets. Companies like KFC and McDonalds try to localize some of their foods. Using customers feedback from social network, these companies try to add some local foods from that particular country together with their main menus. Nasi Ayam which is one of the Malaysia local foods available at KFC. They also try to add foods from other countries to local market. Social media useful to trading companies. If they found Iranian drink getting popular in Malaysia, they start importing these drinks to be sold at Malaysia. The ideas are come from customers feedback from social media. Now we can enjoy foods and dresses which belongs to other culture available at local market. Some disadvantages of social media to companies is, social media will give negative impact to workers productivity. Employees may wasting time to engage with their friends rather then doing the work that they should do. Now days we can see many employees using social network in office hours especially when their bosses are not around. Some Fail Stories of Businesses When Using Social Media Netflix is one of the top internet subscription service for watching movies and TV programs from any country. They have more then 27 million subscribers in America, Canada, United Kingdom and Ireland. When they increased their monthly subscription price, customers showed their protection through social media with more then 82,000 negative comments. Next month they lost 800,000 customers. As we can see companies can use social media as one of the platform to evaluate whether any decision that they made which is relating to customers. Any negative response must get fast attention from organization. In 2012, giant car maker Toyota launched Camry Effect Campaign on Twitter to promote Camry. They has created number of Twitter account. This campaign is designed for directly communicate with users but what happen is, big number of users start to accuse Toyota because bombarding and spamming then with many unsolicited messages. As response Toyota suspended their accounts. Until now this campaign well known as fails campaign. The main problem with this campaign is, not because Toyota Spamming then but the content of the messages that they send out is not attracting. They also are sending same messages content over and over. They are only sending promotional messages which not help to build relationship with users. Example of Success Companies because of Social Media KLM Royal Dutch Airlines in well known as one of the largest airlines in the world. They able to attract future customers in unique ways and convert them as paying customers. They really clear about what customer wants and they believe customers paying for journey. They started social media in 2009, after some failure they come out with very controversial successful idea. They made join venture with social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and so on and created tool which can help passengers to choose seatmate before board the plane. This campaign named meet and seat. After passengers choose the seat mate, they can communicate with them using social networks like Facebook before they meet at flight. This one of the great idea KLM where utilizing social media and give ultimate experience to their passenger. Disadvantage of Social Media for Business A successful online presence especially in social media, a company needs an experienced team which can improve companies reputation. Social media becomes unique and able to drive a lot of sales when they engage with their customers. This mean they have to reply messages, comments and so on. Pushing sales without engaging with customers or not respond to negative feedback will damage the companies reputation. We also must produce new contents and always find out ways to overcome to any negative feedback. There have thousands of sites in social media which can be used to our business benefit. Is not easy for evaluate which site we should pay attention more and which site gives real value for investments. Return on Investment evaluation process is not an easy with social media. Wrong online presence strategy will damage the companies reputation and put them at a viral social disadvantages. Any mistake they make in front of thousand of fans or social media members will result in big reputation impact. So we must careful when perform social media campaign. Using social media marketing and advertising campaign could be more time consuming because we have to watch out every activity that we should do and engaging with people. Advantage of Social Media for Business The advertising cost is much more cheaper then traditional advertising and promotional activities. Social media also gives full value for every penny we spend. Traditional advertising only show the brand to the customer but with social media we can build long term relationship through Like function and can get their email address for send future emails. Future customer able to find our brand through many channels like sharing activities, news, search engine search result and so on which give us free advertising. Social media can bring huge amount of traffic to our content especially when that content grabbing their attention. This what we can call free traffic or free customers. Social media allows customers to express their experiences to others. A satisfies customers surely can bring another new customer though sharing experience activity. This also able to motivates companies to do the best as they can because consumers are now have freedom to express their views and feedback without any blocks. Companies will improve their products and services to customers. Conclusion Social media gives deep impact to the business world today from small companies to big giant companies. Social media landscape is big and the system and technology continuously growing and changing everyday. Companies who using and presented in social media enjoying big benefits. Some companies received negative impact. Social media not longer an option but is a must especially companies that dealing straightly with customers. Social media promising a lot of opportunities and challenges, so organization must prepare themselves to facing this.

Addiction and the Reward Circuit Essay -- Biology Essays Research Pape

Addiction and the Reward Circuit Most people are affected directly or indirectly by drug addiction. Many stereotypes including race and socio-economic class are associated with drug addiction. Despite longstanding stereotypes there is more and more evidence being discovered pointing to an explanation from within the brain of the addict. Free will is generally associated with drug addicts as is their choice to use drugs, but free will may not be a factor in addiction. The key to addiction lies solely in the brain, without influence form the "I-function", or free will. The affect of all drugs of abuse, which are characterized by heroine, cocaine, LSD, opiates, and others, is on what is known as the reward circuit of the brain (1). The circuit includes the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which is connected to the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex in the pathway where they communicate through neurons (4). Other areas of the brain may be involved depending on the drug (2). The VTA and nucleus accumbens are involved in the reward circuit of all drugs (3). The natural function of the reward circuit is to provide a reward and associated pleasurable feelings in response to life sustaining functions, such as eating, to encourage repetition of that function. The reward circuit functions through the use of neurotransmitters, mainly dopamine. When activated, the circuit triggers the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that induces a pleasurable feeling, from the neurons in the VTA. Drugs of abuse stimulate this same response, in many cases to a greater degree than the natural response causing a spike in dopamine levels. Certain drugs, especially cocaine, can block dopamine receptors in the reward circuit. After being ... ...tion towards addiction to drugs of abuse. The brain may be solely responsible for the addiction but if this is true, how do people overcome their own brains to recover from addiction. Could it be that the brain changes back to its normal state in turn allowing the addict to recover or could it be the addict forcing his brain to change back to its normal state, causing recovery. References 1)This paper reflects the research and thoughts of a student at the time the paper was written for a course at Bryn Mawr College. Like other materials on Serendip, it is not intended to be "authoritative" but rather to help others further develop their own explorations. Web links were active as of the time the paper was posted but are not updated. Contribute Thoughts | Search Serendip for Other Papers | Serendip Home Page http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/serendip/a2z.html