How to Make Your Own Etag Burger

How to make your very own etag burger Etag, a way of preserving meat is one of the most loved proteins of the Igorots. Some say it looks like tapa (smoked ham). Others would compare it to Ilocos’s bagnet (their own version of chicharon). Contrary to its meat counterparts, etag smells brackish. It has a strong burnt moss odor with a pinch of pungent fishy smell. And has a potent salty and smoky flavor. Innasin, the other term for etag is derived from the Bontoc/Igorot term inassinan or salted in English. This describes meat such as pork, chicken and beef that are generously treated with salt.Actually, etag is smoked ham but rather than the normal sweet flavor it is salty, very salty. Etag has been a special recipe in cultural gatherings of the Igorots such as weddings and clan reunions. To some who don’t know what it is, what exactly is etag? Etag is like daing na bangus. Just like its fish equivalent, etag commonly made out of pig’s meat is salted liberally and i s hanged to undergo a curing process. Then, it is smoked for a minimum of thirty minutes and a maximum of three hours per day, for two weeks. There are different variations in cooking etag.People of Bontoc, Mountain Province like it sun-baked while locals of Sagada want it smoked. A lot of culinary innovations have been done with the meat. Go Grab Grub’s blog had presented 5 ways on preparing etag. Aside from the traditional boiled etag, the beloved meat can also be cooked as tinola, stir-fry, vegetable soup, an additional ingredient for fried rice and etag salad. In Inglay’s Restaurant at Km. 6, La Trinidad they have incorporated etag with burgers and lumpia. Burgers, who would not love them? Make etag its main ingredient and well, what do you have? Etag burger!So, here’s a simple recipe to help you make your own etag burger. Have a nice piece of etag chunk. I suggest you choose a chunk with twenty percent fat. Grind your meat at a local butcher’s or bet ter yet, grind it with your own chopper or meat grinder (but make sure you cut it into one to one and a half cubes first, to ease up the process). Next, wet your hands with water, this will keep the meat from sticking to your hands. It will also allow the grind etag to come together and prevents it from over-handling. After grinding the meat, put it in a large bowl. Add pepper and other seasoning to add more taste.You don't need to add salt to it for the meat salty enough. If you want to make it healthier, you can toss in small slices of your favorite vegetable like carrots, bell peppers and potatoes. Mix it gently using your hands until it is loosely mixed. Then, scoop the amount of meat you want from the mixture. Normally, burgers shrink and pull in during cooking. In order to solve this, put a dimple at the center (this can be done by poking the middle of the patty with your forefinger). This will result to an even patty-shaped burger in the end. If you are planning to cook it af ter preparing, heat up your pan first to a steady high temperature.Pour oil until the pan is sizzling. This will prevent your patty from sticking to the pan. Upon frying, avoid pressing the burgers. This will release the juices and flavors of your patty. Let it sit for 5 minutes for thorough cooking. Flip it if you think the patty is well done. Let your burgers rest after you take it from the pan. This will allow the patty to finish cooking. Also, it will allow the juice of the burger to be distributed thoroughly. Finally, like any other burgers sold in the market, put you cooked etag patty in a bun. You could include onion rings, lettuce and tomato in it.Add you favorite sauce like catsup, mustard or mayonnaise for a more personalized taste. To maintain the right flavors and if you are planning to not cook the etag patties for a while, better put it in the freezer. Through this the patties will stay together and juicy. Voila! You now have your very own etag burger-fusing old tradit ion and modern gastronomic practice in one. //Reden C. Reyes Sources: Anonymous. â€Å"Who doesn’t love etag? ’ Retrieved on October 19, 2012 from The Igorot Journal. http://www. igorotjournal. com/2010/07/who-doesnt-love-etag. html Anonymous. Go Grab Grub! 5: What to do with Etag (smoked mountain ham).Retrieved on October 19, 2012 from grabgrub. wordpress. com. http://grabgrub. wordpress. com/tag/etag-etag-recipes/ Molly Watson. â€Å"10 tips for perfect burgers†. Retrieved on October 19, 2012 from About. com. http://localfoods. about. com/od/grillingtips/tp/10-Tips-For-Perfect-Burgers. htm Laura Dolson. â€Å"Tips for Cooking the Best Hamburgers†. Retrieved on October 19, 2012 from lowcarbdiets. about. com. http://lowcarbdiets. about. com/od/cooking/a/easybestburgers. htm Donald Daryl Ayochok Daoey. â€Å"Innasin†. Retrieved on October 20, 2012 from daoey. tripod. com. http://daoey. tripod. com/innasin. html

Childcare working in partnerships Essay

Working in Partnerships TASK A Task A 1 (ref 1.1) Working in partnerships with -: Volunteers Health visitors Child development officers Staff/colleagues Social workers SALT – Speak and Language Therapist Ofsted Educational psychologists EYTA – Early Years Teaching Advisor Manager Healthcare Professionals Room Leaders Other settings – Primary teachers SENCO – Special need co-ordinator Children Chef/Kitchen – allergies, food requirements, vegetarian EAL Worker – English Additional Language Parents and carers It is important to work in partnership with parents/carers because they’ll feel supported, included in the child’s progress and ability. Also they’ll feel that their comments, opinions are being accepted and valued. Working in partnership with the parents/carers will also support, improve and maintain communication within the whole family. Multi – Disciplinary Teams They work with other services such as children’s centres, social services and someone working in a voluntary organisation. Working in partnerships with  Multi-Disciplinary Teams is also important as they encourage everyone who works and supports the child to think of the whole child. Also respecting roles and responsibilities. Other Professionals Working in partnership with other professionals, can able us to support the child by gaining specialist advice about potential barriers, which may interfere with a child’s development. Colleagues Working in partnerships with our colleagues allows us to work together and communicate efficiently with regards to the child and shows continuity of care. Task A 2 (ref 1.2) The three relevant partners for communication and information sharing are primary teachers, chef/kitchen staff and Ofsted. Task A 3 (ref 1.3) The three characteristics that define an effective working partnership is that it builds a report, enables effective communication and allows decisions and ideas to be valued from all agencies, for example parents, teachers etc. Task A 4 (ref 1.4) The three examples of potential barriers for effective partnership are poor communication, language barriers and out of date information. TASK B Task B 1 (ref 2.1) Two reasons for clear and effective information between partners is important because it helps with assessing children and young people’s needs and with observations. Task B 2 (ref 2.2) One policy for young children or young person’s work setting for sharing information is partnerships with parents, confidentiality, transitions and continuity of care (key person). For the procedure you consult your senior or even your manager when sharing information and record all information and actions which are relevant to current needs. Task B 3 (ref 2.3) One example of a conflict that may occur when sharing information with partners is that the parents might not agree with your advice that you give them on the development of their child. As they may find it offensive when you’re only trying to help. One example for a dilemma may be that you’re sharing information with a parent/carer or someone that you shouldn’t be sharing information with about a child. Task B 4 (ref 2.4) The legal requirement for recording information is under the Data Protection Act 1998. The key points are that the data is stored about a family or staff must not be shared without the person’s permission. Task B 5 (ref 2.5) The records are kept in filing cabinets which have a lock on and only certain members of staff have the key. Also some records may be kept on computer which are under a password, and again only certain people know the password. Task B 6 (ref 2.6) Speak to parents about the problem, speak to manager or SENCO. Be confidential about what you’re discussing. Also gather evidence and observe the child. Keep the parents informed and fill in a Common Assessment Framework (CAF). TASK C Task C 1 (ref 3.1) The reasons for working in partnership with parents/carers are -: So they are involved in their child’s learning progress. So their views and opinions are valued. Task C 2 (ref 3.2, 3.3) How to do this Difficult Circumstances Development of Partnership with Parents or Carers Showing that you value the parents/carers opinion will create the basis of a good relationship. To communicate well with parents/carers. Working parents do not communicate well. Sustaining Partnership with Parents or Carers Encouraging parents to talk with other parents, and to build another path of communication as well with the setting, Parents lead a chaotic lifestyle and have no interest in communicating with other parents and with the staff within the setting.

Admission to the Master’s Program in Physical Anthropology Essay Example for Free

Admission to the Master’s Program in Physical Anthropology Essay ? I had always been enamored with science; accordingly I did my major in Chemistry and Archaeology from the University of Virginia. In this process I attended two archeological digs. One of these was of six weeks duration at a Native American Site that dated back to the seventeenth century. The other one was conducted at a Historical Site that pertained to the nineteenth century, during one of the semesters in college. During the course of my studies in archeology, I performed an isotopic analysis on hair samples obtained from ancient Egyptian mummies, in order to discover the diet that they used to consume. Subsequent, to graduating with a degree in chemistry and archaeology, I discontinued my studies in order to take stock of my life and also to foray into the field of penmanship by writing a novel. Afterwards, I examined the various graduate programs that I could join in order to continue my education. My interest in science actuated me to pursue a program in patent law in the law school. I did extremely well at law school, but I was not enamored by the study of law or what I saw of legal practice. In my opinion it seemed to be a profession that was motivated solely by personal gain and avarice and was least concerned with the advancement of society.   After the successful completion of the first year of this program, my professors and lawyers persuaded me to continue with it as it would become more interesting.   This assurance caused me to persevere with legal studies. Nevertheless, the excitement generated by the acquisition of knowledge was never experienced by me. In addition, I never felt curious about discovering something new in this field of study. This was a novel experience, because I had been elated and thrilled by the process of acquiring knowledge as an undergraduate science student.   However, the time expended in acquiring a law degree was not an utter waste of time and effort. I became adept at analyzing and arguing in a legal manner. Furthermore, I acquired knowledge regarding the historical foundation of our legal system, and I grasped the nuances of patent law.   Thus, I decided to court my original and true love, which is science. Accordingly, I scouted around and subjected the various graduate programs for which I was eligible. My search, which was quite elaborate, disclosed that physical anthropology was ideally suited to my needs. Anthropology is derived from the Greek anthropos or human and logia or study. In other words anthropology constitutes the stud of humankind right from the time that man first appeared on this planet. Each and every aspect of humans is studied in this field of study and the focus is on a holistic approach to mankind. This is a fascinating study and it has four branches, namely cultural, linguistic, archaeological and biological anthropology. My predilection is towards biological or physical anthropology, which studies the biological origins, evolutionary development and genetic diversity of humans. An attempt is also made in this branch of study to comprehend human nature, the brain’s evolution and the nervous system (What is Anthropology? , 2006). My life’s ambition is to successfully complete the master program in physical anthropology and subsequently, obtain a PhD in this field of study. I am extremely interested in primatology or the study of primates, palaeoanthropology or the study of fossil hominids and genetics. At present I am involved with genetic research on mollusks at the Chicago Academy of Sciences. What is Anthropology? . (2006). Retrieved November 8, 2007, from American Anthropological Association: http://www.aaanet.org/anthbroc.htm Admission to the Master’s Program in Physical Anthropology. (2017, Feb 26).

Leadership Journey Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Journey - Assignment Example In the very first journal for instance, one got to realize that my initial belief and understanding that leadership is the ability to influence others is just a partial facet of a more comprehensive and widely encompassing theory. It was therefore immensely appreciated that one got to realize that there are different definitions of leadership. In one’s search in Google’s online search engine for the definition of leadership, it amazingly revealed that the output generated as much as 94.7 million results (Google, 2013). This is an indication of the extensiveness and comprehensive depth of studies and information generated on the topic of merely trying to define leadership. Through the course, one eventually got to realize that the concept of leadership constantly transforms and unfolds. It was very helpful to have differentiated the concept of leadership with that of management (Journal 1, 2013). Though closely related, leadership was learned to be an important component as one of the functions of management through directing or leading; in conjunction with the other functions of planning, organizing, staffing and controlling (Management Study Guide, 2013). Thus, one came to realize and recognize that leadership in a crucial component in the quest and pursuit of strategies that influence and direct others to achieve explicitly defined goals. Leaders were learned to possess traits, skills, competencies, and qualifications that make them effective in their specialized endeavors (Journal 2, 2013). Likewise, one learned more about the three skill approaches that were reportedly developed by Katz (Journal 3, 2013) and the role of leaders as coaches (Journal 4, 2013). All the relevant theories also assisted in gaining a more in-depth knowledge of leadership and how this is applied in contemporary settings. How does this relate to the theory? One learned that the concept of leadership has been tried to be explained through the various theories which were presented and expounded: transactional leadership (Journal 5, 2013); the path-goal theory (Journal 6, 2013); transformational leadership (Simic, 1998); the contingency approaches to leadership (Martires & Fule, 2004); and situational model of leadership (Hersey & Blanchard, 1988); among others. For instance, the understanding that leaders are born with innate traits and skills; and not made were eventually inspired in the traits approach. As emphasized, â€Å"theorists sought to identify certain personality traits like intelligence, ambition, and charisma that are associated with effective leaders† (Martires & Fule, 2004, p. 155). On the other hand, there was another approach which allegedly emerged: the behavioral approach. According to Martires & Fule (2004), â€Å"the behavioral approach endeavors to find answers to the question of what behaviors, actions, and skills make effective leadership possible. Compared to the trait approach, the behavioral approach has a great pr actical usefulness since behavior, actions, and skills can be modified and learned† (p. 156). The path-goal theory, for instance, was deemed an action-oriented approach to leadership effectiveness (Journal 6, 2013; Martires & Fule, 2004). Therefore, the importance of understanding this theory lies in determining what factors or strategies would assist leaders and managers in achieving identified goals. It was disclosed that â€Å"beyond the dual functions of goal-setting and path-finding, the (path-goal theory) suggests that the manager’s job is to create a motivational environment that enhances the likelihood that employees will behave toward goals. This requires that managers have to

Peer Review of the Things they carried Assignment

Peer Review of the Things they carried - Assignment Example The writer presents the idea that soldiers cease the be just men of the war, but begin to be people that carry with them thoughts, memories, emotions, and little trinkets that remind them of something other than the war. The reader simply needs to be aware of some of the goings-on during the Vietnam War, such as all of the basic facts. The reader should also know a little about what else was taking place throughout the world during the time of the war, which can help to give them insight into what many of the soldiers were leaving behind. The examples that are used are clear and appropriate. The writer did an excellent job at combining the use of phrases throughout the novel with the points that they were trying to get through to the reader. The examples that the writer uses, such as those that were italicized excerpts from the novel, are followed by statements and points that deal with the excerpts that the writer pointed out. There is quite an array of evidence and support for the claims that are made. The writer used articles that dealt with the specific points that the writer makes throughout the course of their essay. Furthermore, the writer also backs up their claims by using examples that can be found in the book that the essay is based on. Together, all of the outside pieces of information form enough evidence and support for what the writer is trying to convey. The topic that the writer chose is appropriate to the writing assignment. While it does not need to be more general, the writer needs to look at the different claims that they make and order them so that they flow together accordingly. The writer often jumped back and forth between topics, first explaining the physical things the soldiers carried, then explaining the emotional and mental things -- and then they jumped back to the physical objects. The writer began and ended their essay in a very intelligent fashion, beginning with the physical materials and ending with a

The long-term effects of unemployment on a person Essay

The long-term effects of unemployment on a person - Essay Example On the other hand, unemployment will increase depression and anxiety, decrease self esteem and cause detrimental health consequences. This situation worsens when efforts to secure employment continuously end in failure over a prolonged period of time (Motoko 9). This paper will discuss the causes, long term effects on individuals and possible solutions to unemployment. Causes of Unemployment Unemployment may be occasioned by several factors in different forms. They include rising costs of operating business, mismatch of skills and required types of jobs available in a region, and rapid growth of technology (Ruhm 618). In the example of rising costs of operations, the automobile industry is undergoing difficulties due to the rising prices of oil and oil products. The high prices of oil are eating into company profits, forcing investors in the industry to cut down on wage and salary budgets, hence reducing the number of employees (Ruhm 619). When there is a variance of skills and the j obs available in the same area, most citizens are rendered unsuitable for employment because they do not match the fundamental requirements. Furthermore, with rapid advances in technology, employees need to be more efficient than they were before. This calls for more advanced training that requires extra funding, which may be unavailable to uninformed citizens (Motoko 51). Another cause may be the fact that there are individuals available for the jobs, but they usually find themselves in the hardships of transitions between jobs either because they have not identified a job that interests them or they are not suitably qualified (Motoko 51). Effects of Unemployment Unemployment has negative effects on an individual’s personality, social life, physical and emotional health (Ruhm 618). Among the most significant long term psychological effects are stress, depression and suicidal tendencies. Stress is a complex result because most other effects end up in different types of stress . Studies have shown that persons who lost employment spent more time on visits to health centers, used more medication and spent more days on sick rest than those who were actively employed (Ruhm 622). Unemployment is a stressful occurrence that has potential to affect mortality and morbidity in national health trends, death trends or individual persons’ changes in specified times. Stress Unemployed people are not able to earn money and fit productively into society (Boyce, Wood & Brown 531). Stress is a key effect of unemployment, and its levels are directly proportional to the duration an individual has been out of employment. Money, success and social status, makes an individual confident, and a well paying job is synonymous with these aspects. Unemployment reduces peoples’ satisfaction levels with their careers and finances (Motoko 51). When a job is lost, an individual loses confidence and self esteem, which grows into stress as time advances. High levels of stre ss are known to impact physical effects on the human body and most unemployed people are known to ignore self care practices leading to a degrading level of health (Ruhm 624). Unable to Fulfill Financial Obligations With the inability to earn substantial, regular income, most unemployed people soon exhaust their savings (Motoko 84). Long term commitments entered into while still with the security of employment, such as mortgage

Childhood obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Childhood obesity - Essay Example n body mass and the risk of acute and long-term morbidity and mortality, in the case of children and adolescents, acute medical complications of obesity are less common. (Schwarz, 2012). Evidence points out that low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) results from sedentary lifestyle, leading to hypertension and premature coronary artery disease. â€Å"Insulin resistance† in the liver and adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles occur from body fat build-up which â€Å"predispose to glucose intolerance and hypertriglyceridemia†. Lower life expectancy resulting from the predisposition to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, can be attributed to the combination of high levels of insulin, hypertension from fat accumulation and dyslipidemia. High insulin levels in the body and high blood pressure also leads â€Å"androgen production from ovarian and adrenocortical cells with dysmenorrheal and virilization† in females, and the â€Å"aromatization of adrenal androgens to estrone that leads to gynecomastia in males† (Schwarz, 2012). â€Å"fatty liver, independent of visceral fat and intramyocellular lipid content (ICML), has a central role in insulin resistance in obese adolescents. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 23 obese adolescents with and 20 obese adolescents with low HFF were matched for age, Tanner stage, BMI score, and percentage of body fat, visceral fat, and IMCL. The group with a high hepatic fat fraction (HFF) had lower whole-body insulin sensitivity index and lower estimates of insulin secretion, as well as a significantly lower glucose disposal rate, than the group with low HFF† (Schwarz, 2012). Schwarz (2012) stated that several genetic syndromes associated with childhood obesity have been determined to include the Prader-Willi syndrome, pseudohypoparathyroidism, Laurence-Moon-Biedl (Bardet-Biedl) syndrome, and the Cohen, Down and Tuner syndromes. Hormonal disorders like growth hormone deficiency and resistance, hypothyroidism, leptin deficiency

Nursing in Partnership with Faith Based Parish Nurses Research Paper

Nursing in Partnership with Faith Based Parish Nurses - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that faith based communities consider health a vital ingredient in the continuity of their faith. Therefore, healthy human beings must reconsider their concentration on their faith and other activities that strengthen their faith. In most cases, the faith based communities consider providing better health care facilities to the people that would wish to join their faith. The core reason of this approach is to ensure the believers are not distracted from their activities. Healthy people are more likely to be focused on their faith at all times, which strengthens the community as their faith is not jeopardized. For instance, a healthy person will not feel any ailments. However, an ailing person will not have the mindset of holding on to his/her faith constantly. This reduces the commitment of the believers in their faith. Under such circumstances, providing healing is the appropriate approach. The heritage of health and healing in the faith b ased communities is instigated to provide care for the underprivileged. There are some people in the world that are underprivileged and do not have avenues of attaining better health. Since their faith and beliefs state that they should help the underprivileged, they have an obligation to do so. In many instances, faith based communities will find better ways of helping the underprivileged in the society at all costs. This is an approach that strengthens both their faith and activities in helping the society. Apparently, many faith based communities consider this their obligation as stated by their faith.... Nursing is a profession that requires amassed human resources. Therefore, a larger number of professionals working in the sector will have a positive impact on the provision of the services (Solari-Twadell and McDermott, 2006). In essence, for many professionals working for a universal goal, this will be a prudent approach in giving high quality services. In the recent past, the nursing profession has been facing several challenges which include a limited number of professionals. This has adversely affected service provision in the nursing profession as they are unable to serve all the people that need their services. This has been a looming drawback to the nursing profession as they are not able to provide adequate health care services. To rectify such a situation, the faith based communities prefer to help by partnering with community nurses. This creates a scenario where the people offering the services are in large numbers. As such, the nursing sector has a large number of people that offer services to people that need them. The quality of services is improved when community nurses partner with parish nurses. The parish nurses are guided with their faith and beliefs in the profession. With such, the people that need the services are treated with the best care and health services. This is a benefit to the society as it gets the best care and health services. Partnership between community nurses and parish nurses helps in reducing the instances of stigmatization. This is especially helpful to the underprivileged people of the society. In any society, there are some people that can afford paying for the services they need. On the other hand, some people do not have this opportunity and can hardly pay for medical services. As such, they will forego some

GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY - Essay Example He decided to focus on the ‘supply of money instead of keeping the interest rates low’ (Rugman 2003, p.110). In this way, the lowering and the stabilization (at low levels) of the inflation were set as the new priorities of the US monetary policy. Through the above practice, interest rates in US were increased from 11% (as in 1979) to 20% (in 1980s), a fact that led to a series implications for the US economy, as explained below. The changes in the US monetary policy as developed in 1979 have been considered as a key point in the American economy, affecting the practices developed by US monetary policy makers up today. The effects of the US monetary and fiscal policies on the country’s economy are discussed in this paper. Emphasis is given on the fact whether these policies have strengthened America’s position in the global economy or not. It is concluded that such target was achieved but not without implications. The high level of the country’s debt is an issue that should be addressed in order for the growth of the country’s economy to be real – in all its aspects. 2. U.S. ... Through the decades, the effects of U.S. financial and monetary policies on the country’s economy have been differentiated, in accordance with the local political and social conditions but also with the economic environment in the global market. In any case, the stabilization of inflation at low levels, a key target of the monetary policy makers of 1979 has been achieved. However, periodically, the use of the above policy, i.e. targeting on low inflation, has been proved to be a rather inappropriate practice in order to face the market pressures, a fact which has been highlighted in the literature. In order to understand the effects of the US financial and monetary policies since 1979 on the American economy, it would be necessary to refer to the historical development of these policies, i.e. their range of appearance. Then, their effects on the American economy could be identified and evaluated – taking into consideration the conditions in the global market. One of the key characteristics of the update of the US monetary policy of 1979 has been the following one: emphasis has been given on lowering the inflation and keeping it on low levels. A strict monetary policy was used as a tool for achieving the above target (Allen 1999, p.170). The initial effect of the above policy has been the significant increase of the ‘LDC (less developed countries) borrowing rates’ (Allen 1999, p.170). Because of the above practice, the country’s economy has been negatively affected – the recession of 1981-1982 has been unavoidable. In this context, the initial results of the economic reform of 1979 in US – referring to the increase of the priorities of the country’s monetary policy, as described above – had been negative. A similar assumption is developed in

Why I Want to Become a Teacher Essay Example for Free

Why I Want to Become a Teacher Essay Everyone has gotten to where they are in life because they had a teacher. By definition, a teacher is someone who gives instruction and communicates skills. The lives most impacted by teachers are those of our children. Teaching makes a difference in children, because it gives them tools to help them be successful in the future. Our children are our future, and they need to be prepared for the future in order to be successful in the working world. The future of our communities and even our nation lies in the hands of our children. The quality of men and women we develop will impact the future of this nation. Therefore, I see teaching as one of the best ways I can help create a greater tomorrow for our great nation. I know that teaching in the school setting will be challenging as well but I am up for it. Although the main commitment to my students will be to teach the school curriculum in a way to meet the required objectives, I would like to use of variety of strategies and be creative in my teaching plans. I hope to arouse the student’s curiosity and foster a desire to continue to learn. Another commitment that I think is equally important is to recognize each student as an individual. Although we will be teaching subjects we also teaching children. I want to understand their academic abilities, personalities, and who will be their main support in regards to school. I want to know what motivates them to do their best and what will hold them back. I believe that teaching is an essential and noble profession. Next to parents, teachers are the most important foundational element in our society. Everything important begins in childhood, especially knowledge, self-knowledge, resilience, and character. Proper preparation is fundamental to living a full, rewarding life. Without self-knowledge, children may follow wrong paths and end up far from their true callings; lost, sad, and unfulfilled. Without resilience, the storms and challenges of life can turn children from their highest path, leaving them far from who they might have been. Finally, character is the intangible force that raises society as a whole, minimizes shocks and collisions between people, and balances self-interest and social good. Ideally, all of this education starts in the home but often the parents themselves may be inadequately skilled in this  regard. School is a necessary complement to and supplement of this learning.

Employee Performance in the Hotel Industry

Employee Performance in the Hotel Industry 1.1 Background Information: Employees are the assets for an organization. This is true because the success or failure of any organization depends upon its employee too. The importance of an employee in hospitality industry becomes more significant because of its nature- manpower intensive industry. In hospitality industry and hotel sector especially it is very important for organizations to stay focused on employee performance and so how to get enhancement in the employee performance. There are many reason of providing training to the employees. One basic reason is to fill the performance gap after having been identified the same. This gape can be known while having performance evaluation process. These days hotels have been taking continuous efforts to provide most practical and relevant training to the employees of all the functional area of the hotel concerned. These efforts of the hotels are more towards integration and getting more concrete results. Those hotels earning good profit have their well-developed training systems and they resort to a planned approach to training its employees. This level of hotel organization has regular training programmes regardless of its concrete tangible gains or not. There are many hotels where they have different approach to train the employees, that approach is intentional training, this includes providing training to all the employees irrespective of their deficiencies and strengths. This kind of approach of training goes on as one of the function of the organization. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K (2005) Employee performance is more important in this industry because employees are having direct interaction with the guest and secondly it is employee of the hotel industry that satisfies its guest. So it is very important for the manager concerned to know the factors that affects employee performance. There is a saying that perfection of work depends on pleasure at job. So pleasure and performance both can be achieved by quality education about the subject area and systematic training of the same. As far as Indian hospitality industry is concerned, a report commissioned by the department of tourism, Government of India, revealed that the annual demand for trained manpower in hotels and restaurants is likely to touch 29,000 by the year 2010. This figure is likely to increase to approximately 39,000 by the year 2020.And the actual supply of manpower? A total of approximately 18,000 students are being trained in hotel management and food craft annually in the country. Currently, in hotels, attrition rates are at 18-25 per cent per annum, and growing at an alarming rate of 10 per cent per annum. This, exacerbated by an escalating wage bill of 10-12 per annum with a five-year forecast pegged at a minimum increase of 40 per cent over current levels. Thus systematic training will play a life saving role in hospitality industry to counter with the current scenario. www.indiatoday/may2007/page24 After having basic information about systematic training and its significance to the hotel industry author would like to provide definitions of the key terms of this research. 1.2 Definitions: Training means learning some new things for increment or development of the working personnel. Training is becoming a necessary for having skills and attitudes as a part of each individuals working life for the higher performance. Performance Management: it is a process which is designed to improve organization, team and individual performance and which is owned and driven by line manager. Fool.M, Hock.C (2002). Training constitutes a systematic approach to training which includes taking the time to analyze what results the organization needs from its employees, if employees are accomplish those results. A systematic approach includes evaluating approaches before, during and after training to ensure employees truly benefited from the training in terms of enhanced results to the organization. www.managemertthelp.org/trng-dev/basics/sd.htm. Training is a planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or skill behavior through learning experience to achieve effective performance in an activity or range of activities. Golssmith.A, Nickson.D, Solan.S, Wood.R.C,; (1997). Training is a systematic process through which an organizations human resources gain knowledge and develop skills by instructions and practical activities that result in improved corporate performance. Frank.M.G, Mary.L, Monchello, BaumJ (1996). 1.3 Aim and objectives / Research Questions / Hypothesis: 1.3.1 Aim and Objectives: Purpose of this research work is to explore systematic training as a major factor in enhancement of employee performance in service department of hotel Industry. To explore the term Systematic Training and employee performance in hotel Industry. To explore the determinants of employee performance To find out relation between systematic training and employee performance. To explore training as motivational tool that leads to employee satisfaction. To explore the process involved in systematic training 1.3.2 Research Question: R.Q.1: What are the factors that influence employee performance in hotel sector of hospitality Industry? R.Q.2: How systematic training will ensure employee performance in hotel Industry? R.Q.3: What is the mechanism (process or technique) of systematic training? Is training works as motivational factor? 1.4 Rationale behind choice of this research topic: Employee performance is key to success of hotel organizations. So this is a prime area of focus because employee performance leads to organizational success and especially in hotel industry because of its nature that is manpower intensive industry. This is the reason employee performance is always a matter of consideration. These are the reasons author felt to explore this area with the help of systematic training. 1.5 Structure of Dissertation: This section is about presentation of the dissertation. First chapter after this introduction section is LITERATURE REVIEW which is chapter No.2, in this section author has presented his secondary research. After that chapter No.3 is METHODOLOGY chapter where in author has explained the methodology used to achieve the aim and objectives of this research. After methodology section there is chapter No.4 which is basically ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS with the help of tables and graphs. And at last chapter is 5 which contains CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. After these there is BIBLIOGRAPHY section which is nothing but list of references, followed by APPENDIX section which contains sample questionnaire and other additional material related with this research. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction: Literature review section of this report is secondary research related to the topic area and aim and objectives established by the author. This section of the research has been proving the research related to the topic area with the help of secondary research. All the variables of this research has been taken into account and all possible factors are also explored which is statements and quotes and sayings of scholars. 2.2 Significance of performance management: Performance management requires a willingness and commitment to focus on improving performance at the level of individual or team everyday. It focuses on performance and potential appraisal, performance review and feedback, and 360-degree feedback. All these processes center round improvement of performance levels of the employees. Its main purpose is to improve performance at all three levels- individual, group and hotel. A direct application of performance management is raising competency levels and potential of employees through employee training and development. Training and development efforts need to be linked with performance and potential appraisal systems prevailing in the hotel to improve results from training. Concrete gains from such training efforts initiated for employees can be achieved. Where performance appraisal has indicated poor performance, training focused at improving needed performance levels can yield significant improvement of performance by initiating need based professional development programs. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Managing higher performance in a hotel is very much dependent on adopting a systematic training approach by which training gives better results and is more effective for both the individual as well as for the hotel. Training is a planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or skill behavior through learning experience to achieve effective performance in a activity or a range of activities. Goldsmith A, Nicleson D, Solan S, Wood RC: (1997) Training includes systematic training, which includes the different approaches like Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. Therefore systematic training means to analyze the needs and training goals of the organization with knowledge and skills to perform according to the hotel needs. Then a design of training system is there by which a training package is developed, which is inclusive of audio-visual, graphics, manuals etc. and at last implementing the package, which is developed. Simply approaches of systematic training provide a phase to next phase as it is a ongoing process. www.managementhelp.org/trng-dev/basics/sd.html. 2.3 Types of Training and Development: 2.3.1 Informal Training and Development Informal training and development is rather casual and incidental. Typically, there are no specified training goals as such, nor are their ways to evaluate if the training actually accomplished these goals or not. This type of training and development occurs so naturally that many people probably arent aware that theyre in a training experience at all. Probably the most prominent form of informal training is learning from experience on the job. Examples are informal discussions among employees about a certain topic, book discussion groups, and reading newspaper and journal articles about a topic. A more recent approach is sending employees to hear prominent speakers, sometimes affectionately called the parade of stars. Informal training is less effective than formal training if one should intentionally be learning a specific area of knowledge or skill in a timely fashion. Hardly any thought is put into what learning is to occur and whether that learning occurred or not. (However, thi s form of training often provides the deepest and richest learning because this form is what occurs naturally in life.) www.managementhelp.org/trng-dev/basics/sd.html. 2.3.2 Formal Training and Development: Formal training is based on some standard form. Formal training might include: Declaring certain learning objectives (or an extent of knowledge, skills or abilities that will be reached by learners at the end of the training), using a variety of learning methods to reach the objectives and then applying some kind(s) of evaluation activities at the end of the training. The methods and means of evaluation might closely associate with the learning objectives, or might not. For example, courses, seminars and workshops often have a form but its arguable whether or not their training methods and evaluation methods actually assess whether the objectives have been met or not.http:/ /www.managementhelp.org/trng_dev/methods/slf_drct.htm 2.3.3 Formal, Systematic Training and Development: Systematic, formal training involves carefully proceeding through the following phases: 1. Assessing what knowledge, skills and /or abilities are needed by learners; 2. Designing the training, including identifying learning goals and associated objectives, training methods to reach the objectives, and means to carefully evaluate whether the objectives have been reached or not; 3. Developing the training methods and materials; 4. Implementing the training; and 5. Evaluating whether objectives have been reached or not, in addition to the quality of the training methods and materials themselves www.managementhelp.org/trng-dev/basics/sd.html. A systematic approach is goal-oriented (hopefully, to produce results for the organization and/or learners), with the results of each phase being used by the next phase. Typically, each phase provides ongoing evaluation feedback to other phases in order to improve the overall systems process. Not all formal methods are systematic. Some courses, workshops, and other training sessions have goals, methods and evaluation, but they are not aligned, or even integrated. The methods, in total, do not guide the learner toward achieving the training goal. The evaluations are too often of how a learner feels about the learning experience, rather than of how well the learning experience achieved the goal of the training. http://www.managementhelp.org/trng_dev/rnethods/slf_drct.htrn 2.3.4 Self-Directed and Other-Directed Training: Self-Directed Training Self-directed training includes the learner making the decisions about what training and development experiences will occur and how. Self-directed training seems to be more popular of late. Note that one can pursue a self-directed approach to informal or formal training. For example, self-directed, informal training might include examples of informal training (book discussion groups, etc.), as long as the learner chose the activities and topics themselves, either for professional or personal reasons. Self-directed, formal training includes the learners selecting and carrying out their own learning goals, objectives, methods and means to verify that the goals were met. htpp//:www.authenticityconsulting.com/ Other-Directed Learning This form, of course, is where someone other than the learner drives what training activities will occur. Other-directed, informal training includes, e.g., supervisors sending employees to training about diversity, policies, sexual harassment in the workplace. Other-directed, formal training includes where someone other than the learner specifies the training goals will be met in training, how those goals will be met and how evaluation will occur to verify that the goals were met. This form of learning is probably the most recognized because it includes the approach to learning as used in universities, colleges and training centers. This form of learning typically grants diplomas and certificates. Note that this form of training, although readily available in universities, etc., is usually somewhat generic, that is, the program is geared to accommodate the needs of the most learners and not be customized to any one learner. Therefore, a learner may pay tuition fees to learn knowledge and skills that he or she may not really need.Another form of other-directed, formal training is employee development plans. The plans identify performance goals, how the goals will be reached, by when and who will verify their accomplishment. htpp//:www.authenticityconsulting.com/ Other-directed, formal training can be highly effective for helping learners gain desired areas of knowledge and skills in a timely fashion. A drawback is that learners can become somewhat passive, counting on the expert to show them when and what they should be doing. htpp//:www.authenticityconsulting.com/ 2.4 Systematic Training Approach: Adopting a systematic approach to training helps ensure that supervisors are getting the most out of themselves and their employees. A systematic approach to training includes the time to analyze what results the hotel needs from its employees, if employees are accomplishing those results, and what training and what training and development approaches are needed by employees to better accomplish those results. A systematic approach includes evaluating approaches before, during and after training to ensure employees truly benefited from the training in terms of enhanced results to the organization. These also have to be linked with performance management. Effective training and development includes using sound principles of performance management and effective training techniques. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) 2.4.1 Steps: Analysis-: Analyze the hotel needs and identify training goals which, when reached, will equip learners with knowledge and skills to meet the hotels needs. Usually this phase also includes identifying when training should occur and who should attend as learners. Purpose of training analysis is identifying training goals. A training analysis is conducted ultimately to identify training areas and plans for learners to help them acquire higher competence levels and contribute to accomplishment of the hotels goals (usually in terms of a performance standard). Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Design:- Design a training system that learners and trainers can implement to meet the learning goals; typically includes identifying learning objectives, need facilities, necessary funding, course contents, lessons and sequence of lessons. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Designing the Training Programs-: The step requires listing of typical activities involved in designing training. During the design phase (which is usually closely integrated with the development phase), trainers work from learning goals to design a training system that learners and trainers can implement to meet the learning goals. This phase also typically includes identifying learning objectives, need facilities, necessary funding, course contents, lessons and sequence of lessons. The various training media are selected, e.g.: instructor-led, computer-based, worldwide web based, self-directed, interactive and computer-based, or multi ­media. Therefore this design phase can also include identifying evaluation criteria to evaluate if course content is understandable by learners. There are some points considered for the phase which are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The nature and type of training that is to be imparted. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The anticipated that learners may take to learn the particular aspects desired to be imparted from the training. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The financial provisions that can be possible to be made for the particular type of training. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The level of participants group. Formulating Program Learning Objectives-: Training programs should be designed by the trainers and/or learners to achieve certain overall goals. Programmes should also include various learning objectives that will help in achieving the overall goals of the training programme. Care must be taken while designing a training programmers learning objectives. These should be designed and worded to the extent that others can clearly understand. These training objectives have to be clarified to the learners in the beginning of the programme so that they know from the beginning what specifically are the programme objective and whether the same have been achieved or not. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Develop : Programme development requires developing right from the programme outline to training manuals, trainers manuals, specific cases, so that programme objectives and learning goals can be achieved with optimum efforts for training made. It must be developed and implemented in a manner so that the best results from training are achieved. The way the entire programme is conceived and developed is also an important determinant for the success of the training effort. It contains the following main activities: Developing Programme Learning Activities-: Every programme must contain a set of learning activities consisting of a mix of role-plays, exercises, games, instruments, cases, etc. these learning activities have to be compiled theme and sub- theme wise. Training material must be systematically developed and finally each sub-theme, theme with the help of various learning activities must culminate in concrete learnings. Development requires documentation of all these and compiled a trainees and trainers manuals to use as resource material for conducting programmes systematically. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Develop System of Continuous Learning-: Programme can be developed in such a way that the process of continuous learning is in-built in the programme structure itself and learners continue to learn even after the programme is over. Therefore it is important that the process learning must continue. This can be possible through developing mechanisms for reinforcements by the learners superiors, post training follow-ups, and helping learners develop a plan of action for implementing in the place of work both in short term and long term. The techniques to help facilitate occurrence of continuous learning on the various programme themes, has to be planned and integrated into the programme development phase. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Implement-: This phase involves implementing the developed training package, which includes scheduling and delivering the training materials, and running the programme. This phase can include many administrative activities, such as copying, taken attendance data, billing participants, arrangements for program logistics and support facilities to create a favorable environment for learners. The major activities requiring care in this phase among others mentioned above are: Selecting a Trainer-: This activity is the most important activity. The appropriateness of the trainer will determine the effectiveness of the programme as well as the cost. The most important consideration when selecting a trainer is if they are well suited to the training design required to meet the learning goals. For e.g, if learners prefer computer-based instruction, then they will benefit most from a trainer only when he will have a thorough understanding of on-line/web enabled training technologies with a high level of personal mastery. Trainers may be chosen from among the following depending on needs, suitability and costs. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Evaluate-: Training evaluation is extremely important phase and preferably, must be done before, during and after implementation of training. Evaluation process must adopt approaches that are practical and relevant. Typically evaluation could be carried out at four distinct points of time. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Evaluating Before the Implementation Phase-: The evaluation at this point must find out whether: The planned training package will really result in enhancing the employees knowledge and skills needed to perform the task or carry out the assignment roles. The same has been attended by other employees in the hotel and that how useful have they found. The employees are/will be comfortable with the training pedagogy. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Evaluating During Implementation of Training Programme-: It requires finding out: How are the participants feeling about the relevance and usefulness of the programme, getting more and more interested or disinterested? Continuously undertake recapitulation before the next day and sum up before the close of the day. A short-programme evaluation could be structured and taken during the middle of the programme to take any corrective action required. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Evaluating Immediately After Completion of the Training-: The training programme must be evaluated properly after the same has been completed. This can be done by: Giving each participant a feedback form and taking a structured written feedback. Take the participants verbal feedback to check for anything that has not been covered up in the written feedback. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) Evaluation after completion of 3-4 Months of Training: This is generally done by an expert evaluator from inside or outside the hotel to evaluate what have been the concrete gains to both the learners knowledge and skills and to the hotel as well. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) 2.5 Advantages of Systematic Training: Training involves an expert working with the learners to transfer to them certain areas of knowledge or skills to improve in their current jobs. Development is a broad, ongoing multifaceted set of activities (training activities among them) to bring someone or an organization up to another threshold of performance, often to perform some job or new role in future. The typical benefits are as follows: Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees. Increased employee motivation. Increased efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain. Increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods. Increased innovation in strategies and products. Reduced employee turnover. Enhanced hotel image. Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005) 2.6 Dimensions of Systematic Training and Development Processes: Systematic Training and development processes could be described using two dimensions one for the degree of formality and one for the balance between self-directed and other-directed learning. These two sets of choices result in four overall approaches. That is, one can take an informal approach to self-directed or other-directed learning. Similarly, one can take a formal approach to self-directed or other-directed learning. htpp//:www.authenticityconsulting.com The decision about what approach to take to systematic training depends on several factors. These factors include the amount of funding available for training, specificity and complexity of the knowledge and skills needed, timeliness of training needed, and capacity and motivation of the learner. Other-directed, formal training is typically more expensive than other approaches, but is often the most reliable to use for the learner to achieve the desired knowledge and skills in a timely fashion. Self-directed, informal learning can be very low-cost; however the learner should have the capability and motivation to pursue their own training. Training may take longer than other-directed forms. htpp//:www.authenticityconsulting.com Highly specific and routine tasks can often be trained without complete, formal approaches. On the other hand, highly complex and changing roles often require more complete and formal means of development, which can be very expensive as a result. If training is needed right away, then other-directed training is often very useful, e.g., to sign up for a training course at a local university, college or training center. Or, a training professional can be brought in. Again, other-directed training is usually faster and more reliable, but more expensive. Self-directed forms of training require that the learner be highly motivated and able to conceptualize their approach to training, particularly in formal training. htpp//:www.authenticityconsulting.com 2.6 Factors affecting systematic Training Programme: After having a series of discussions with the trainers/management consultants several factors were identified and grouped into which affect the training programmes negatively. Some of the factors which contributed to the negative results of training programmes are grouped as the reasons for failure of a training programme. Some reasons are identified for less effective training programmes and the responses were collected on a five point scale. All the reasons were listed in the questionnaire and the respondents were asked to rate the reasons for the less effective/ poor quality of a training programme. In the opinions of the respondents and the mean values of the reasons for less effective training programmes, the following are the factors, which affect the most of the training programme results: No follow up after the training programmes. Too much of individual difference among the trainees. Lack of motivation to trainees after the training. Inadequate opportunity to perform what the trainee has learned during the programme. Resistance to change due to uncertainty of outcomes. Communication gaps at the programmes. Too short duration. Lack of genuine support from top management. Very little planning or problems in the design itself. ( Srivastava.V.N, Shafiq.M, Ghosh.K; (2005)) Informations of this section have been taken from work of many scholars as a part of secondary research. Based on the secondary research author would like to conclude that to have enhancement in performance of hotel staff systematic training would be a vital factor. Now author will conduct primary research and discuss the concept based on his own experience after having interaction with the samples while conducting primary research. Author will replicate this conclusion based on secondary research, in the conclusion section of this report, while writing conclusion based on primary research. Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design: A research can be exploratory, descriptive or explanatory. The determination of a particular research (as whether it is exploratory, descriptive or explanatory) is based on the aims and objectives of the research. Exploratory research seeks to get new insights into the subject, answers the research questions and assesses a phenomena from a new perspective. In other words, such research attempts to understanding or clarifying a problem (Saunders et al, 2005). Further they add that exploratory research goes through the processes of reviewing literature and consulting to experts on the subject through selected methods of consultation. They further put that exploratory research is advantageous in the sense that it is flexible and adaptable to change. Thus while conducting exploratory research a researcher can change his/her direction considering the new data and new insights. On the other end, as according to Saunders et al. (2005), the purpose of descriptive research is to highlight an accurate profile of an event or situation. This research is also termed as an extension of exploratory research, where a clear picture of phenomena is required before collecting the data. Finally there comes explanatory research, which according to Saunders et al. (2005), establishes relationship between variables and in such type of research focus is given on studying a situation or a problem (through explaining relationship between variables). In such type of research various statistical tests are conducted in order to examine the relationship. The aim of this research is to examine five star hotels on the basis of systematic training to the staff of service department and staff performance point of views. 3.2 Research Method Business and management Research, like any other study, has evolved through years of theoretical foundations and conceptualisations. Research may be defined as something that people undertake in order to find out things in a systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge (Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2003). Research would not be meaningful if it is not done in a systematic way i.e. it should have a clear purpose and data collection should be done accordingly followed by assembling of data collected along with interpretation without which it is not considered a resea

Time in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Time in The Great Gatsby Time is an idea described in different periods and aspects, for example philosophical, psychological, physical and biological. This time flows evenly but is broken into the past, present and future. Since we only live in the present forever planning for our futures and dreams, when we try to live in the past it restricts our future. Throughout Fitzgerald's novel, Gatsby wasted time and his life for a single dream, and it was his illusion of his ideal future that made time a key dimension in his life. Gatsby suffers from past memories of Daisy and tries to relive the relationship and in the process Gatsby was murdered. Nick says, "Almost five years! There must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams - not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion". Gatsby's idealistic view of Daisy was, she was of pure and perfect form and after he kisses her, his ideal perfect relationship starts to decay, "...and the incarnation was complete". The incarnation meaning Daisy cannot be ideally perfect anymore now that Gatsby's with her. Daisy is not pure and perfect like Gatsby thought she was in the past. From Gatsby's illusions of the past preoccupying all his thoughts, he forgets about the key dimension he exists in which is the present. Although Gatsby was persistent on reliving the past, Gatsby vaguely lived for the present. This is apparent when he cancels his biology by leaving home, changing his name, and leaving his heritage behind which was not done by following the past. In the past Jay Gatsby made, "...a platonic conception of himself". What Nick said about Gatsby's platonic theory of himself was that Gatsby "...was a son of God". From Jay Gatsby's theory he makes a ideal conception of himself, of which he projects himself into the future. Ultimately Gatsby is left with the choices to "...suck on the pap of life, gulp down the incomparable milk of wonder," or kiss Daisy and "...his mind would never romp again like the mind of God". In Gatsby's choices he is to climb "the ladder" to God which represents Gatsby's future or choose Daisy and choose the past.

The Real Rochester in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre essays

The Real Rochester in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre    John Wilmot, the second Earl of Rochester was one of the most infamous rakes from the Restoration period. While Wilmot’s debauched lifestyle was well recorded, his deathbed conversion became even more popular. Through these early biographies and the poetry written by Wilmot, Charlotte Bronte became familiar with this historical figure. Bronte modeled her character of Edward Rochester on Wilmot. There are many instances in the novel Jane Eyre that link the two figures. In his essay "John Wilmot and Mr. Rochester" Murray Pittock establishes the link between Rochester and Wilmot. Pittock does such a thorough job of supporting the claim that Rochester and Wilmot are related. However Pittock fails to explain why Charlotte Bronte chose to compare her Rochester to the historical Rochester. The key to understanding Bronte’s motivation in selecting John Wilmot as the model for Rochester lies in Wilmot’s deathbed confessional. By the end of his short life Wilmot repented h is immoral lifestyle. After his death, Wilmot became the focus of a number of religious tracts publishing his deathbed conversion. It is this aspect of Wilmot’s career as the rake that intrigued Bronte. In Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte not only establishes a connection between John Wilmot, the second Earl of Rochester, but she also links Rochester’s reform to the reform of Wilmot. However, unlike Wilmot’s reform which occurs on his deathbed, Bronte allows her character to reform and continue his life. The similarities between John Wilmot and Edward Rochester go far beyond the traits associated with the rake. Charlotte Bronte uses names for her characters that link the two characters. Wilmot’s title as the Earl of Rochester directly relates to the name of Edward Rochester. John Wilmot’s grandfather had the name Sir John St. John (Pittock 464). Edward Rochester’s main rival for Jane’s affection is St. John Rivers. Again the use of a name closely related to John Wilmot is remarkable. The repeated usage of names links the character of Edward Rochester with John Wilmot, the second Earl of Rochester. That Charlotte Bronte would have been familiar with the second Earl of Rochester is undeniable. In his Lives of the Poets, Samuel Johnson included a biography on Wilmot. That Bronte would have been familiar with Johnson’s work can be established in the references she makes to Johnson’s novel Rasselas. Gilbert Burnet, a Scottish Bishop and famed historian, wrote Life and Death of John Rochester based on interviews he had with Wilmot on his deathbed.

Cause of Homelessness :: Papers Exploratory Poor Poverty Welfare Essays

Cause of Homelessness Two trends are largely responsible for the rise in homelessness over the past 15-20 years: a growing shortage of affordable rental housing and a simultaneous increase in poverty. Below is an overview of current poverty and housing statistics, as well as additional factors contributing to homelessness. A list of resources for further study is also provided. POVERTY Homelessness and poverty are inextricably linked. Poor people are frequently unable to pay for housing, food, child care, health care, and education. Difficult choices must be made when limited resources cover only some of these necessities. Often it is housing, which absorbs a high proportion of income, that must be dropped. Being poor means being an illness, an accident, or a paycheck away from living on the streets. In 1997, 13.3% of the U.S. population, or 35.6 million people, lived in poverty (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1998a). While the number of poor people remains has not changed much in recent years, the number of people living in extreme poverty has increased. In 1997, 14.6 million people -- 41% of all poor persons -- had incomes of less than half the poverty level. This represents an increase of over 500,000 from 1995. Forty percent of persons living in poverty are children; in fact, the 1997 poverty rate of 19.9% for children is almost twice as high as the poverty rate for any other age group. Two factors help account for increasing poverty: eroding employment opportunities for large segments of the workforce, and the declining value and availability of public assistance. Eroding Work Opportunities Media reports of a growing economy and low unemployment mask a number of important reasons why homelessness persists, and, in some areas of the country, is worsening. These reasons include stagnant or falling incomes and less secure jobs which offer fewer benefits.

A parent’s guide to teenagers Essay

Mahsa Being a parent or carer is one of the most fantastic and rewarding things in life, however it can also be challenging. As a parent or carer, you have a huge influence on your son or daughters life. Your impact can help them become who they are, to shape their values and aspirations. Knowing how to respond to their teenage needs isn’t always easy. There really is no straight forward answer, however this guide will surely help you get one step closer to helping your teen with their problems. What makes teenage years so special? Between the age of thirteen and nineteen, people develop physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially. People of these ages ay most likely be dealing with many problems and pressures. They’ll be experimenting with friendships and relationships. At this time, school or work nay be adding pressure to their lives. Puberty will also occur in these years, it can be very confusing and even frightening for your child. Through adolescence, both girls and boys will be feeling self conscious and worried about fitting in. One of the most difficult things about being a parent or carer to a teenager is knowing when to let your child make their own decisions and knowing when to step in and help. Helping your child with self esteem One of the main struggles in the adolescence stage is self esteem. It’s often hard for a teenager to feel good about themselves, this could be because they’re surrounded by images of â€Å"perfect† men and women. As a parent, you have a vital role in shaping how your child sees themselves. You have to watch what you say, whether or not they show it, your child listens to your opinion. Comments about their weight, intelligence or other abilities may mean nothing to you, but they stick with your child. For example, instead of pointing out to your child that they’re overweight, you could ask them to exercise with you. One of the best ways you can help your child feel better about themselves is to compliment their good attributes. Emphasise their positive things or a regular basis. If you tell your child something enough times, they’ll soon start to believe that in themselves  too. Helping your child with peer pressure Another struggle that occurs mos tly in the adolescence stage is peer pressure. In your child’s adolescence stage they are most likely going to be influenced by other teenagers, however there are steps you can take to help them. You can’t choose your children’s friends, however you can encourage them to hang out with friends who exhibit positive peer pressure. If they have friends who are behaving and following the rules, they’ll more likely to follow them too. In their early teens, speak to them about what kind of behaviour you expect from them and what behaviour you do not and will not tolerate. Teach them to say â€Å"no† when they’re uncomfortable with doing something. Set clear rules and boundaries for them, however do not do this without telling them why. Make sure they understand that what you’re doing is for their own good. Helping your child with making decisions Teaching your child about decision making and to recognise when he/she have made a good decision is vital. There are many ways you can help your child improve their ability to make wise decisions. Firstly, help your child clarify the problem that’s causing them to make a decision, ask them about the situation and what they may need to change. Secondly, you can brainstorm the possible solutions to the decision that they’re making, usually there will be more than one solution. As a parent you can make an important contribution by pointing this out to your child and suggesting alternatives. After your child has chosen one solution, discuss the consequences with them. Helping your child with being bullied Each year Over 3.2 million students are victims of bullying and Approximately 160,000 teens skip school every day because of bullying. Even though many teenagers will not be directly affected by serious bullying, they may be victims of it. The first step you should take is to speak to your child about the bullying and how they’re coping. Next, you should inform their school/place of work about the bullying. Let your child know that you’re there for them, reassure them that it isn’t their fault and that there is a solution to the problem. By law schools are supposed to help with bullying and in most, if not all schools there are anti bullying rules. To conclude, the main way to help a teenager in their adolescence stage is to be there for them and let them know that you’re there if they need any  help with the struggles they face. As a parent you play a vital role in their life and if you follow this guide you will be sure to see a positive effect on your teenagers life.

Rheumatoid Arthritis The Problem Health And Social Care Essay

Rheumatoid arthritis is an ague, systemic inflammatory upset that causes chronic redness of the articulations. It is besides known as an autoimmune disease, the status such that the organic structure ‘s immune response sends out incorrect signals to assail the organic structure itself. It may impact other variety meats like eyes and lungs every bit good. It progresses in three phases. ( 1 ) The first phase is the puffiness of the joint ; the 2nd phase is the rapid division and growing of cells which causes synovial membrane to be thickened and the last phase is the loss of motion. Figure 1: Normal joint vs. articulation affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis The loss of motion is caused by the enzymes that released by the inflamed cells that may digest the bone and gristle causes the involved articulation to lose its alliance and form. ( 2 ) The swelling in the articulations of the custodies and carpuss is normally the first symptom to be noticed. ( 3 ) Figure 2: Joint malformations caused by rheumatoid arthritis hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.com.sg/imgres? imgurl Until now, the cause of the disease is still an unknown. However, there are scientists who believe that the immune system, gender, familial and infection may be the factors of the disease. ( 4 ) . Prevalence is more common in adult females than in work forces in the ratio of 3:1. Figure 3: Arthritis / Rheumatism prevalence: by age and sex, GB, 2003. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp? id=1331 ) Temporary, there is no remedy for this disease. So, what are the current interventions that are available to relieve the symptoms of this disease? I will discourse about them in this study.A Possible SolutionDisease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs ( DMARDs )DMARDs are a combination of drugs normally used to handle patients with arthritic arthritis. They interfere with the devising or working of immune cells that cause joint redness. ( 5 ) By and large, biological DMARDs are non used in combination with other biological DMARDs because several of these combinations have shown increased toxicity. There are besides some agents that are synthesised through familial technology such as tumour mortification factor alpha ( TNF I ± ) blockers and Interleukin 1 ( IL-1 ) blockers. ( 6 ) The consequence is different and may be more delayed in oncoming than other medicines which are why sometimes they are called slow moving anti-rheumatic drugs ( SAARDs ) . So, I think it is rather of import to g et down DMARD agents every bit early as possible one time RA has been diagnosed and confirmed. ( 7 ) DMARDs could be one of the possible solutions because there are a batch of beginnings saying that its early usage is effectual in alleviating the symptoms as the quotation mark shown: ( 8 )Surveies have shown that early debut of these drugs may be good, with betterment in hurting, joint tonss, and disablement.( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.arthritis.co.za/dmard.html )In malice of its effectivity, there are several factors need to be considered included phase and badness of the joint status, the balance between possible side effects and benefits, and patient penchant ( 9 ) while doing the pick of which DMARDs drugs need to be taken. From my point of position, the patients need to seek a assortment of combinations of drugs to cognize that which combination give themselves the best consequence and the lowest hazard of side consequence with the aid of rheumatologist. Sometimes, mer ely one DMARD is used. However, there are many beginnings demoing that combination of DMARDs works better for the patients as the quotation mark and table below shown:Current grounds suggests that combinations of DMARDs are more effectual, and likely less toxic, than monotherapy. ( http: //www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Disease-Modifying-Antirheumatic-Drugs- ( DMARDs ) .htm )Figure 7: Comparison of combination therapy with individual drug therapy in early RA ( hypertext transfer protocol: //images.google.com.sg/imgres? imgurl=http: // ) From Figure 7, the consequences shown that the combination of drugs was approximately two times more effectual than the individual drug therapy for those who got remittal after one twelvemonth and two old ages of the intervention. Even though DMARDs plays a critical function in arthritis intervention, nevertheless, some of them are used more common than the others. For illustration, amethopterin ( MTX ) is the most normally used DMARD due to its higher efficaciousness but lower toxicity. ( 10 ) Figure 2: The construction of the metrothexate ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methotrexate ) Metrothexate ( MTX ) , acts by suppressing an enzyme involved in the metamorphosis of folic acid, dihydrofolate reductase ( DHFR ) which is involved in the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate. They act by changing the organic structure ‘s usage of folic acid, which is a sort of vitamin and is needed for cell growing. Higher affinity of MTX to DHFR inhibits the transition of dihydrofolate to the active tetrahydrofolate, which means the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins are inhibited. It is to believe that this intervention with folic acid makes methotrexate benefit in arthritic arthritis as it inhibits the proliferation of the inflammatory cells in the articulation of the patient. Etanercept aims to command the redness and to retard the patterned advance of terrible RA as good but it is for RA patients which non wholly antiphonal to other drugs. It works by barricading the receptor for TNF-alpha. However, for most RA patients, amethopterin ( MTX ) is now considered the most first line DMARD agent. It is even more effectual when used in combination with other drugs such as Infliximab or Etanercept. ( 11 )Social & A ; Economic DeductionsBased on a research by Dickens and Creed in 2001, the people with RA are twice every bit likely to endure from depression. ( 12 ) Sometimes, they get upset because they merely do non experience the betterment in their organic structures even though they have taken the medical specialty prescribed. In my sentiment, their household members have to be supportive and be able to give them audiences when they need it. An probe in 1993 even found out that some patients need to take 5 old ages for themselves to accommodate to their statu s. In some instances, the disease may even interfere with their day-to-day activities, limit their occupation chances or interrupt the joy and duties of household life as the quotation mark below suggested: ( 13 ) The people with arthritic arthritis ( RA ) have been described as a ‘tightrope between freedom and a life sentence ‘ . ( 14 ) — Maycock, 1988. There are about 20000 new instances of arthritic arthritis in UK every twelvemonth and there are around 400000 grownups in the UK with this disease. From an economic point of view, this brings economic impact on the people today as the life cost presents is high and if they lost the occupation due to inability to travel around easy so their life disbursals including their medicine cost will be a large job for them. The transit fees to hospital on a regular basis, holding food markets delivered and the demand to purchase particular apparels and places add disbursals to their life cost. Extra money is besides spent on the complementary intervention and auxiliary merchandises. ( 15 )â€Å" If other members are acquiring sick, they may desire to pull resources off from the arthritic arthritis patient. † — Alan Mozes ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp? articlekey=116607 )When there is a pick needed to be made, RA patients in a household will be given up doing them non be able to go on their intervention as the quotation mark above shown. Figure: Age-specific mortality rates ( per 100,000 ) for adult females with arthritic arthritis in 2009 hypertext transfer protocol: //arthritis-research.com/content/11/3/229/figure/F3? highres=y The mortality rate has non decreased steadily over the past 30 old ages. I think authorities should take this affair earnestly and take some stairss to turn this status better. Here, I unfeignedly hope that authorities can be financially stable and subsidy for those hapless patients who are non low-cost to travel through the intervention to the full. This could take down the mortality rate for arthritic arthritis patients.Benefits and HazardsI think the displacement to sing DMARDs as the new front line intervention is rather good as it may cut down the demand for other medicines as the quotation mark shown below:A DMARD may besides profit the patient by cut downing the demand for other medicines, e.g. corticoids and NSAIDs, which may hold a greater potency for toxicity than the DMARD. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //medsafe.govt.nz/profs/PUarticles/dmards.htm )This may cut down the intervention cost and increase the efficaciousness at the same clip. Methotrexate ( MTX ) has been sho wn to be the most effectual drug used in decelerating down the patterned advance rate of the eroding and devastation of the joint compared to the others DMARDs as the abstract below shown: ( 16 )Methotrexate outperformed other DMARDs in a meta-analysis of surveies comparing efficaciousness with toxicity, and more patients remained on amethopterin after five old ages than on other DMARDs.( hypertext transfer protocol: //medsafe.govt.nz/profs/PUarticles/dmards.htm )Besides, in footings of long periods, it has been shown to be safe and even can be applied on kids. ( 17 ) Normally the good effects from these agents merely last for a few old ages so I suggest that a good planning or scheme of utilizing them consecutive or even in combination is needed. However, several possible inauspicious reactions are at that place which needed to be taken attention of including timeserving infections, oral cavity ulcers and tummy jobs. Figure: Opportunist infections caused by Etanercept and Infliximab ( DMARDs ) hypertext transfer protocol: //images.google.com.sg/ Other than this, liver harm is another side consequence of this drug if this drug is taken orally every twenty-four hours. Alternatively of making so, from my point of position, the drug should be taken intermittently one time a hebdomad so the liver has adequate clip to retrieve. The existent status is nevertheless, the benefits of taking the drugs outweigh its hazards. So, I think this intervention should still go on but at the same clip, the patients who are taking the drugs need to be monitored on a regular basis. Some steps can be taken such as taking folic acid to cut down the side consequence of amethopterin as many beginnings have suggested.The usage of folic acid with the drug is used to cut down side effects.( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.arthritis.co.za/dmard.html )Alternate SolutionsNon-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs ( NSAIDs )Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory are besides known as ‘first line ‘ medicine in the instance of RA. Examples of drugs including acetylsalicylate ( acetylsalicylic acid ) , ibuprofen ( Advil, Medipren, Motrin ) and etodolac ( Lodine ) . I choose NSAIDs as an alternate solution because they can cut down the symptoms and thereby bettering maps. However, these drugs entirely do non alter the class of the disease or prevent joint devastation. ( 18 ) There are two chief types of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory: selective and non-selective. They work by suppressing enzymes, called Cox, COX-1 and COX-2 which participate in the production of prostaglandins. Even though the prostaglandins cause redness and hurting but they besides have critical functions in care of normal organic structure maps. So, the COX-2 inhibitors act by selectively block the prostaglandins produced through the COX-2 which have involved in redness. ( 19 ) Since the drugs merely aim to cut down the hurting and puffiness, so I suggest that they need to be combined with the other agents in DMARDs to do certain the disease is under control.SurgeryAno ther sensible attack that I suggest is to transport out surgery. Its primary intent is to cut down hurting, better the affected articulation ‘s map, and better the patient ‘s ability to execute day-to-day activities. However, from my point of position, a surgery is merely carried out when the medicine can non repair the structural harm or the disease does non react to the physical therapy. As any surgery is serious and involves complications, it is normally delayed until it is necessary. Furthermore, surgical intervention may non be an option for all of the affected articulations. ( 20 ) There are plentifulness of factors need to be considered such as the patient ‘s overall wellness, the status of the joint or sinew that will be operated on, and the ground for, every bit good as the hazards and benefits of, the surgical process. Cost may be another factor. Surgery picks:ChoicesFunctionsFinger and manus surgeries To rectify joint jobs in the manus. Arthroscopy To take dust or inflamed tissue in a joint through a little lit instrument. Synovectomy To take inflamed joint tissue. Arthroplasty To replace portion or all of a joint in the hip or articulatio genus. Cervical spinal merger To handle terrible cervix hurting and nervus jobs. Resection of metatarsal caputs To take distorted bone in the pess. Figure: The articulatio genus cap and the damaged portion are removed and the bipartite prosthetic device, which is normally metal is implanted during surgery as the diagram shown.hypertext transfer protocol: //arthritis.about.com/od/rheumatoidarthritis/ss/pictures_photos_6.htmEvaluationKate Lorig, the writer of the book The Arthritis Helpbook, who is besides the Director of the Stanford Patient Education Research Center and Professor of Medicine in the Stanford School of Medicine. She is a really reputable research worker in the field of developing self-management classs for patients with chronic diseases and she had published several books sing this rubric. So, I think there would be no biased in the fact that stated in the book about the intervention of DMARDs drugs should be commenced every bit early as possible which is besides supported by the quotation mark from the article of the web site & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406508_5 & gt ; : The current intervention scheme hence involves the early usage of DMARDs to restrict joint harm and preserve map. Methotrexate is proved to be more effectual when used in combination with other drugs such as Infliximab or Etanercept than itself entirely from the web site & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //arthritis.about.com/cs/mtx/a/mtx.htm & gt ; . This beginning is said to be dependable as many other beginnings agree with this statement every bit good such as the web site & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/74289.php & gt ; and the undermentioned infusion: Study leader Dr Cornelia F. Allaart commented: â€Å" Our findings indicate that clinical remittal from RA is accomplishable provided effectual intervention – such as the Remicade amethopterin combination we used in the 4th arm of this survey – is administered early in the class of the disease. † Besides, the informations collected was at EULAR 2007, the Annual European Congress of Rheumatology in Barcelona, Spain. The European League against Rheumatism ( EULAR ) , which is a trust able organisation that represents the patient, wellness professional and scientific societies of rheumatology of all the European states. This statement is besides supported by the abstract: The efficaciousness of combination therapy with a biological agent is superior to methotrexate monotherapy for remittal. from the web site & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //ard.bmj.com/content/69/7/1298.abstract & gt ; .

Quest for Manhood Malcolm X Essay

Manhood is when a boy takes the leap from being a child to a true man. People say that leap happens at different times for every boy. People can tell it happens because they stop acting foolishly and deal with matters by themselves. The four stories The Autobiography of Malcolm X, â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, â€Å"The Man Who Killed a Shadow†, and â€Å"Almos’ a Man† all deal with African American boys and them becoming true men. The literature of Richard Wright and Malcolm X illustrate how African American males encountered much difficulty in asserting their manhood while living within the racist society of the 1930’s and 1940’s. Racism denied African American males the opportunity to gain economic power. In â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, the young African American boy gets a job in a factory. He works with white men and wants to learn more. One day he is told that the factory is â€Å"a white man’s work†¦and [he] better watch [him] self! † (241) The white men feel he is threatening their job even though he is just trying to support his family. They threaten him and make him quit his job. Unlike the young boy who already has a job, Malcolm X moves to Boston to search for a new job. During Malcolm X, Malcolm decides his life would be better if he moves in with his sister. He was walking through the city and noticed these people were â€Å"only a big city version of those successful Negro bootblacks and janitors back in Lansing† (42). Janitors and bootblacks were considered successful jobs for African Americans where that job for a white man would be around middle to lower class. Blacks don’t even have a chance at a good job like a lawyer or doctor. â€Å"The Man with a Shadow† is about an African American man growing up in life. He is working as a janitor and his boss has legs spread wide open and her panties showing. He is embarrassed and refuses to clean under her desk. The boss becomes angry and screams, â€Å"‘You’re being paid to clean, You black nigger†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (232). The black man feels real embarrassed and gets yelled at for not cleaning the same area again. He feels as if he is being treated like a slave. Also being called the N word is real offensive for African Americans. He has to quit because he accidentally killed the librarian. Economic power is one step in leading men to manhood, but exercising one’s freedom is also an important step. Racism prevented African American males from exercising their autonomy. In â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, the young African American boy has a job and is making a delivery. He is on his back to the store when â€Å"a police car, swerving toward [him], jammed [him] into the curbing† (244). Blacks in this time period were treated unfairly. He is just trying to do his job and even the cops wouldn’t let blacks exercise their own independence. Whites put fear into blacks in all different kinds of settings during this time period, from work places to social settings. During Malcolm X, Malcolm is in a theatre watching a show. When the show started, Malcolm â€Å"was the only Negro in the theatre†¦[and] felt like crawling under a rug† (33). People go to theatres all the time and shouldn’t be forced to feel uncomfortable while in them. Malcolm wants to watch the show, but since the country was so racist and he was the only black, he felt weird and wanted to leave. Later on in the book, Malcolm is thinking about what he wanted to do for his job. â€Å"Lansing certainly had no negro lawyers or doctors,† something he may have wanted to be (38). He wants to be successful in life, but as he recalls there are zero lawyers or doctors in Lansing. This quote shows that because of race alone, blacks can’t use their autonomy and get a job they aspire to be. Finding their independence was hard enough, but trying to protect each other was even harder. Racism would not allow African American males to defend themselves or others. The young boy in â€Å"The Ethics of a Living Jim Crow† is at a store working when an old woman gets beat. â€Å"They would not beat me if I knew enough to keep my mouth shut† even though they beat that old black lady (243). The white workers beat an old black lady for not paying her bill. He could not defend the old lady because he knew the whites would hurt him if I tried to help her. Later on in the story, a security guard slaps a fellow black female employee on the butt. The African American man feels embarrassed for letting his friend get slapped on the butt. The employee who got slapped says, â€Å"‘Don’t worry, you couldn’t help it†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (246). This quote shows that blacks had no chance to defend others because if they did, the whites would just beat them even more. The girl knows they can’t do anything about it and tells him not to worry. From white security guards to racist groups such as the KKK, whites could do basically whatever they want to do to blacks at this time. At the very beginning of Malcolm X, the KKK is at Malcolm’s house. They were surrounding the house, â€Å"brandishing their shotguns and rifles† (1). The KKK is around the house with weapons wanting Malcolm’s father to leave town. He had no way to defend himself because they had all weapons. Many people and organizations in town, and even the police are corrupt and don’t like the blacks. Part of being a man is defending others and the whites would not let them do this at this time. The four stories show how black males had different obstacles to overcome in gaining their manhood while living in the racist society during the mid 1900’s. The boys in all the stories had problems they encountered on their way to finding their manhood. They couldn’t gain economic power, exercise their autonomy, or defend themselves and others. The 30’s and 40’s were a bad time for African Americans to live in, but as the years have gone on, minorities have gained more rights in America. With the help of groups such as the NAACP, blacks have more rights than ever. Barack Obama, the United States President and Tiger Woods, the world’s most popular athlete are both examples of how far African Americans have come.